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В современном мире наночастицы поступают в организм человека пока еще в малых дозах и чаще всего естественными путями-с пищей и водой перорально, с воздухом ингаляционно, через кожу и т. д. [1, 5]. Однако в мировой литературе накоплен уже достаточно большой объем доказательств токсичности наночастиц и наноматериалов, особенно углеродных нанотрубок и тяжелых металлов, для биологических тканей и органов даже в относительно небольших концентрациях [4, 12, 13, 24-26].

To assess the effect of silver nanoparticles on mice cognitive abilities, daily, up to 4-month period, experimental mice were administrated with silver nanoparticles solution. Accumulation of silver in brain was assessed by neutron activation analysis. Cognitive abilities in mice before and after silver nanoparticles administration were evaluated in the Morris water maze behavioral test. No significant differences in the amounts of silver accumulated in brain were found between capable and incapable animals. Silver accumulation in brain of experimental animals in 4-months experiment was higher than in 2-months experiment for both groups. In the main Morris water maze behavioral test at the control points of 2 and 4 months no statistically significant differences were found in the parameters of treks between experimental and control animals.

Due to the development of high-tech industries, the modern world is characterized by the increased production and consumption of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials. Among produced metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles are widely used in everyday life products, cosmetics, and medicine. It has already been established that, in nanoscale form, many even inert materials become toxic. Therefore, the study of the toxicity of various substances in nanoscale form is an urgent scientific task. There is now a body of experience on the toxic effect of AgNPs. In the present review, the most well-known results obtained over the 2009–2021 period, including the own performance on the toxicity of silver NPs, are collected and analyzed. Along with the data reporting a certain level of toxicity of silver NPs, experiments that did not reveal any obvious toxicity of nanosized forms of silver are discussed. According to the performed studies, the toxicity of silver NPs is often caused not by NPs themselves but by silver ions, compounds used for nanoparticle stabilization, and other reasons. Based on the analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that at actual levels of silver NPs used in everyday life, workplace, and medicine, they will not have strong toxic effects on a healthy adult body.