Nosocomial infections of the urinary tract are the most common nosocomial infections. Infectious diseases currently pose a life threatening due to the increasing phenomenon of infectious agent resistance. One of the factors known to cause resistance to broad-spectrum antimicrobials agent is the susceptibility to biofilm formation. The use of silver nanoparticles (NPs) is now regarded as one of the most promising strategies to target infections associated with biofilms. This study aims to determine the application of nanotechnology in the form of metal nanoparticles in targeting the formation of biofilms on infectious agents. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity test was performed on a 96-well microtiter plate on uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 ppm. The results showed the addition of silver and gold nanoparticles at different concentrations affected and inhibited the growth of UPEC and prevented the formation of biofilms, as indicated by a decrease in the OD value. In conclusion, silver and gold nanoparticles have antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on UPEC.

Paparan sinar inframerah Near Infra Red (NIR) mengandung efek panas dengan panjang gelombang 0.78 -3 μm. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat kemampuan NIR menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan menggunakan variasi waktu paparan terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan. Metode penelitian eksperimental acak lengkap digunakan dengan empat kelompok perlakuan dari biakan Escherichia coli, yaitu K0, K1, K2 dan K3. Kelompok dibedakan berdasarkan waktu paparan infra merah dalam menit. Pada perlakuan 1(K1) yaitu diberikan paparan selama 25 menit, K2 diberikan paparan 30 menit, dan K3 diberi paparan 35 menit, sedangkan kelompok kontrol (K0) tanpa diberikan paparan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan K3, jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli yang tumbuh lebih sedikit apabila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, sebesar 131 koloni. Uji statistik dengan ANOVA didapatkan p value sebesar 0,000 yang berarti ada pemberian infra merah berbagai variasi waktu berpengaruh terhadap jumlah koloni Escherichia coli. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh maka waktu paparan terbaik yang diberikan paparan NIR adalah selama 35 menit. PENDAHULUANInframerah merupakan paparan dari radiasi yang mengandung efek panas serta memiliki panjang panjang gelombang 0,78 -3 μm pada Near Infra Red (NIR), 3,0 -50 μm pada panjang gelombang Mid Infra Red (MIR) dan 50 -1000 μm untuk Far Infra Red (FIR) (Barolet et al., 2016). Paparan inframerah dekat (NIR) saat ini dikembangkan guna menghambat daya tumbuh bakteri dengan cara disinfeksi pada bakteri (Han et al., 2021). Efektivitas penggunaan paparan inframerah dalam Light Emitting Diode (LED) dengan panjang gelombang 950 nm dapat menghambat bakteri Bacillus subtilis (Astuti et al., 2015).Bakteri secara alami dapat memperoleh endogen porfirin berupa molekul pengasorbsi cahaya dengan sifat peka terhadap cahaya atau fotosensitizier. Absorbsi cahaya dari kemampuan molekul porfirin dipengaruhi oleh panjang gelombang. Panjang gelobang yang rendah dapat mempengaruhi kerusakan biologi Tersedia Online di http://www.jurnal.unublitar.ac.id/index. php/briliant Sejarah Artikel Diterima pada

Air pollution was being a very important problem and danger for human life. This was related to diseases that arise due to motor vehicle emissions, especially carbon monoxide. Simulation of air dispersion models is the one way to study about air quality that is needed in this regard. This study aims to determine the distribution of carbon monoxide pollutants in Ahmad Yani's frontage and to anticipate the dangers of these pollutants to the health of the people living around the research location. This research discussed about the mathematical model of the dispersion of CO that emitted from cars that passed through the frontage road on the Ahmad Yani Street, Surabaya. The method used is direct observation in the field and numerical simulation using a mathematical model, Gaussian Line Source Equation Model (GLSEM). GLSEM had prepared based on the mechanism of transport of pollutants in dispersion, diffusion and advection. With GLSEM we calculated CO gas concentration values for certain heights downwind. We validated the model by comparing numerical results and measurements of CO concentration. We used the R2 test and we got an R2 close to one. We simulated GLSEM by used Fortran programming language and visualized it with Surfer. The results of the visualization in June showed that the pattern of CO gas dispersion was influenced by the direction and speed of the wind. The results obtained are that the distribution of CO pollutants in the Ahmad Yani frontage is horizontal/downwind. CO concentrations at night are higher than during the daytime. From the CO dispersion pattern, we had known that there were dangerous of air around the frontage for people health. We conclude that around the frontage road of the Ahmad Yani highway there is sufficient open air space so that the danger of CO pollutants being emitted can be minimized so that the health of the community, namely pedestrians, motorcycle drivers and the community around the location can be protected.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan Pseudomonas sp. dengan pemberian variasi konsentrasi D-glukosa pada media pertumbuhan serta untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap berbagai waktu inkubasi. Penambahan D-Glukosa dalam media pertumbuhan sebagai sumber karbon bakteri yang dapat menunjang proses pertumbuhan sel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, penggunaan D-glukosa dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi dalam media pertumbuhan Pseudomonas sp. dapat mempengaruhi pembentukkan pola pertumbuhan sel bakteri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas sp. menggunakan substrat D-glukosa untuk pertumbuhan selnya. Sedangkan semakin lama waktu inkubasi yang diberikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pola pertumbuhan sel dikarenakan bergantung pada kemampuan bakteri dalam mengkonsumsi substrat yang ditambahan kedalam media pertumbuhan. Kata kunci: Pseudomonas sp., konsentrasi D-glukosa, waktu inkubasi, pola pertumbuhan AbstractThis study was to determine the growth pattern of Pseudomonas sp. by administering various concentration of D-glucose to the growth medium and to see its effect on various incubation times. Addition of D-Glucose in the growth medium as a source of bacterial carbon that can support the cell growth process. The results showed that, the use of D-glucose with various concentration in growth media of Pseudomonas sp. affect the formation of bacterial cell growth patterns. This study showed that Pseudomonas sp. using D-glucose substrate for it's cell growth. While the longer incubation time didn't had effect for the cell growth pattern due to the ability of bacteria in consuming substrates that are added to the growth medium.

No abstract