Öz: Okuma problemleri ülkemizde yalnızca özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin değil aynı zamanda tüm öğrencilerin yaşadığı bir durumdur. Son dönemde uluslararası değerlendirmelerin sonuçları okuryazarlık ile ilişkili okullarda gerçekleştirilen öğretimler ve kullanılan materyallerde düzenlemeler yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Öğretim sürecinde öğrencilerin sınıf düzeylerine uygun okuma materyalleri ile çalışmaları önemlidir ve bu nedenle, ders kitapları hazırlanırken yazılan metinlerin okunabilirliklerine dikkat edilmelidir. Öğrencilerin eğitsel düzeylerinin üzerinde zorluğa sahip metinler öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama performanslarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada ilkokul 4. sınıf Türkçe, Fen Bilgisi ve Sosyal Bilgiler kitaplarından seçkisiz olarak belirlenen metinler Ateşman (1997), Çetinkaya-Uzun Okunabilirlik Formülü (2010), Yeni Okunabilirlik Düzeyi (Bezirci ve Yılmaz, 2010) okunabilirlik formüllerine göre değerlendirilmiş ve formüllerin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular incelendiğinde okunabilirlik formüllerine göre kitapların 4. sınıf düzeyinin üzerinde zorluk derecelerine sahip oldukları ve formüller arasında farklılıkların oluştuğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun nedenleri ve çözüm önerileri tartışılmıştır.Abstract: In Turkey, reading problems are a common problem of not only students with special needs but all of our students. Considering the results of international assessments, we need to take a look to our literacy education. It is important to train students with appropriate materials according to their age and class level. Textbooks should be prepared according to readability formulas. In this study reading passages randomly selected from 4th grade Science, Social Science and Turkish textbooks evaluated using Ateşman (1997), Çetinkaya-Uzun Readability Formula (2010), and New Readability Level (Bezirci & Yılmaz, 2010) readability formulas. Finding showed that textbooks are above class level and results of formulas showed differences. Possible explanations of this situation and recommendations are discussed further. GirişOkuma tüm bireyler için eğitim ve günlük yaşamda kullanılan en temel beceridir. Güldenoğlu, Kargın ve Miller (2014) okumayı ''okuyucuların yazılı metinlerde yer alan kelimeleri uygun ortografik, sesbilgisel, morfolojik bilgi ve becerilerini kullanarak çözümlemeleri, ardından çözümlenen kelimeleri var olan sözcük dağarcıkları, önceki bilgi ve deneyimleri ile bağdaştırarak anlamlandırmaları, sonrasında ise anlamlandırdıkları kelimelerden oluşan cümleleri sözdizimsel özellikleri bağlamında analiz edip verilmek istenen mesaja ulaşabilmeleri gereken bir süreç'' olarak tanımlamışlardır. Öğrencilerden eğitim hayatlarının ilk üç yılında okuma becerisinde ustalaşmaları ve sonraki yıllarda okumayı yeni bilgileri öğrenmede bir araç olarak kullanmaları beklenmektedir. Ancak öğrencilerin önemli bir bölümünün okumada sınıf düzeyinde başarı gösteremedikleri bilinmektedir. Bu öğrencilerin okuma becerilerini edinmede güçlük yaşadıkları ve ilerleyen yıllarda okulu bırakma eğilimi gösterdikleri ve...
The statistics of the Ministry of National Education (MEB) show that the number of students who are pursuing their education in general education environments in scope of inclusion programs is increasing every year. It is observed that the number of special needs students who continue their secondary education after primary education is increasing with the regulation that makes it mandatory to have 12 years of education. While directing special needs (SN) students towards secondary education, families and experts prefer vocational high schools where these students can learn functional skills. This is why the opinions of teachers who work at vocational high schools are important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the opinions of technical teachers working at vocational high schools, school counsellors, culture course teachers and special education teachers providing support education to students on the processes of vocational counselling, training and employment of special needs students. Towards this purpose, semi-structured interviews were held with a total of 59 teachers using a form prepared by the researchers. The findings indicated that the opinions of technical teachers at vocational high schools on inclusion and continuation of SN students in vocational high schools were more negative in comparison to those of culture course teachers and school counsellors, and there were significant shortcomings in the professional training of SN students. It was also seen that special needs teachers were not sufficiently informed about the job prospects and employment of SN students, and they used limited opportunities for their students.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a tablet computer-aided intervention program for improving reading fluency. It also investigates the opinions of students and parents about this intervention by using skill-and performance-based techniques, which have been investigated qualitatively. Three students with a learning disability who are in the third or fourth grades participated in the study. The multiple baselines across participants design which is one of the single-subject experimental models has been used as an experimental design and results are presented with graphics. The findings show that the tablet computer-aided intervention program improved the reading fluency of the students with a learning disability. According to the qualitative data, the students' views about the tablet computer-aided reading fluency intervention were generally positive, indicating that this study was fun and motivated them to study. Although the parents had concerns that studying with a tablet could be perceived as a means of entertainment, they also thought the intervention was effective and wanted their children to have access to a tablet computer for educational purposes.
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