This research aims to produce a comic book that can be used to embed the character of tolerance to the students of 4th grade of elementary school. This research using development procedure from Borg and Gall includes seven steps procedure, they are research and information collecting, planning, developing a preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, and operational product revision. The data resources were collected from interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Data analysis technique by quantitative descriptive statistics. Preliminary field tests involve three students and one class teacher. Main field tests involve twelve students and one class teacher. Final validation by material expert got an average score of 4.53, language expert got an average score of 4.50, and media expert got an average score of 4.25. The preliminary field-testing result got an average score of 4.50 in teachers and got an average score of 3.46 in students. The main field-testing result got an average score of 4.75 in teachers and got an average score of 4.74 in students. So, education comics can be used properly to embed tolerance characters in elementary school.

Project-based Learning using video is being used at the University of Yogyakarta in order to examine the impact on students' thinking skills. The Paired Sample t-test analytic method was employed in this study to conduct a quasi-experiment, which is described in detail below. The findings revealed that: 1) the average increase from the pretest score to the posttest score was 4.55 in the experimental class and 3.41 in the control class, and 2) a statistically significant difference in the average increase was observed in the experimental class when the Project-based learning model was used in the classroom. The experimental class uses Project-based Learning, 3) the data in the experimental class is 0.097 (pretest) and 0.062 (posttest). In contrast, the data in the control class is 0.083 (pretest) and 0.064 (posttest), 4) the results of the hypothesis test revealed a significance level of 0. 007 in the experimental class and 0.016 in the control class, both of which were less than the significance level of 0.005, so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. According to the findings of this study, there appears to be an effect of applying the Project-based learning model on students' critical thinking skills in social studies classes. PjBL (project-based learning) models that include video can help students substantially enhance their critical thinking skills.

This study aimed to describe and interpret the use of radio and TV learning media with various interactive programs. This research used a qualitative case study. The research participants were teachers, parents, students, and broadcasting trainers at SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Yogyakarta. Data were obtained through interviews and observations. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis techniques from Miles & Huberman (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the use of audiovisual learning media was suitable to support online learning activities in elementary schools during the pandemic. The more senses involved in learning activities at school, the easier the material is accepted and understood. Covid-19 had forced learning activities carried out from home, thus encouraging teachers and schools to develop innovations in learning activities. Sapen Radio and Sapen-TV were alternative media to support distance learning. The media minimize boredom, increase enthusiasm and interest among students. Learning activities became interactive and communicative because teachers use the media with various programs through radio broadcasts, live streaming, and learning videos that were broadcast through the Sapen-TV YouTube channel, thus, support teaching and learning activities. Therefore, it can be concluded that Sapen-Radio and Sapen-TV programs support remote media learning in the covid-19 pandemic.

Student success in the 2013 curriculum in elementary school seeks to improve student learning achievement and instill character values derived from Indonesian culture. Problems in the field show that social learning achievement is relatively low in social learning material. Teachers have difficulty developing media to instill a character of tolerance that can be integrated into the material diversity of Indonesian culture. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of CITA (Cerita Indonesia Kita) comic media on social science learning achievement and the character tolerance of 4 th grade elementary school students. The type of research used is quasi-experimentation with pre-test post-test group design. The subjects of this study are students and teachers of 4 th grade Public Elementary School P., Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region. The instruments used are the tolerance character scale and the social learning achievement test. Data analysis uses independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test at significance level 0.05. The results showed that the multicultural-based CITA comic medium effectively improved social learning achievement and the character tolerance of 4 th grade elementary school students. The effectiveness of comics can be seen from the independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test, which shows a significance value of 0.000.

This research is based on the problem of students' writing skills in elementary schools which are still very low. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of "my pocketbook" in improving the writing skills of children of Integrated Islamic elementary school in Yogyakarta. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with pretest and postest group design. The samples were used with the technique of simple random sampling. This research analyzed 30 students from one of the elementary schools in the Sanden District as the samples of the study due to limited time and research costs. The data collection technique used by researchers is observation. The results of the conducted research were analyzed using the T test in SPSS 21 software base observation. The result of the research shows that the hypothesis is accepted. In other words, "my pocketbook" is effective of Sig. (2-tailed) that is 0.00 improve the writing skills of the student at Integrated Islamic elementary schools in Yogyakarta. It can be seen from the result of Sig. (2-tailed) that is 0.00. The less than 0.05 result indicates that the hypothesis is accepted. The research concludes that my pocketbook is effective for improving the writing skills of the children of integrated Islamic elementary schools in Yogyakarta. The results of this study are expected to be an alternative media in training students' writing skills as well as being a reference for future research.