Neste artigo, discutimos as potencialidades teórico-metodológicas dos estudos de gênero na perspectiva da História Comparada. A partir da análise de enunciações dos mitos de Pandora e Eva, focalizamos uma problemática do gênero associada à tematização do corpo e do casamento na Atenas Clássica (apropriações das narrativas do mito de Pandora por Hesíodo) e no Reino de Portugal em fins do medievo, analisando como a diferença é significada, questionada e legitimada nestes dois contextos históricos distintos.
Do século XI ao XIII, o papado liderou o movimento reformador que buscava uma transformação na organização da Igreja e da própria sociedade. Dentre as muitas questões que receberam a atenção do papado neste período, encontrava-se a preocupação com a moral clerical, em especial no tocante à continência e ao celibato, visando a um controle do corpo dos religiosos em prol da discretio. A preocupação central é discutir como, na prática legislativa, o ideal da continência e do celibato clerical foi apreendido. Neste sentido, nessa investigação, optou-se por estudar dois tipos de documentos legislativos: os cânones lateranenses I, II, III e IV, textos normativos de caráter geral, e as correspondências pontifícias do período do pontificado Inocêncio III (1198-1216). Abstract During the XI to the XIII centuries, the papacy led the reformer movement that looked for a transformation in the organization of the church and of the own society. Above the subjects that received the attention of the papacy in this period were the atention to the clerical moral, especially concerning the continence and the celibacy, seeking a control of the body of the religious persons in prol of the discretio. Our central concern is to discuss as, in the legislative practice, the ideal of the continence and of the clerical celibacy was apprehended. In this sense, in our investigation, we opted for studying two types of legislative documents: the canons lateranenses I, II, III and IV, normative texts of general character, and the papal correspondences of the period of the pontificate Innocent III (1198-1216).
ABSTRACT. The Legenda Beati Petri Gundisalvi was written in the thirteenth century and presents episodes of the life and miraculous deeds attributed to the Dominican Peter González (1190 (?) -1246). Though often mentioned by the biographers of the Saint, this work has not yet been the subject of a critical edition or of a systematic analysis. Thus, there are many questions related to its production. In this article, this Vita is compared to the Legenda vita Sancti Dominici, hagiography dedicated to Dominic de Guzmán, considered the founder of the Dominican Order. It was the first text written after the papal canonization of Dominic, in the second half of the 1230s, and is attributed to Pedro Ferrando. The focus is on the treatment given to the education of Peter González and of Dominic de Guzmán in these texts. The objective is to identify and to debate whether these works share the same perspective on studying, contributing to the discussion about the formation of a Dominican identity during the thirteenth century.
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