Background: Diabetes Melitus (DM) as The Silent Killer has an increasing number of cases. Type 2 diabetes and its complications are a major public health problem worldwide. Type 2 diabetes is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to analyze the contextual effect of village on the risk of type 2 DM. Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Surakarta, from November 2019 to January 2020. A sample of 200 patients type 2 DM and non-DM was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was type 2 DM. The independent variables were family history of DM, diet, physical activity, Body Mass Index (BMI), central obesity, stress, history of hypertension, and smoking habit. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: The risk of type 2 DM was positively associated with family history of diabetes (b= 2.37; 95% CI= 1.51 to 3.23; p<0.001), poor diet (b= 1.09; 95% CI= 0.71 to 1.86; p= 0.034), low physical activity (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.12 to 2.02; p= 0.027), central obesity (b= 1.01; 95% CI= 0.75 to 1.95; p= 0.034), stress (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.15 to 1.98; p= 0.022), history of hypertension (b= 1.08; 95% CI= 0.19 to 1.96; p= 0.016), and smoking habit (b= 1.31; 95% CI= 0.22 to 2.39; p= 0.018). Village did not have a contextual effect on the risk of type 2 DM with ICC= 0.01%. Conclusion:The risk of type 2 DM is positively associated with family history of DM, diet, low physical activity, central obesity, stress, history of hypertension, and smoking habit. Village do not have a contextual effect on the risk of type 2 DM.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents are a vulnerable group to reproductive health and sexuality problems. The problem of drug use and premarital sexual behavior is the focus of attention for adolescents because it can be a risk of HIV transmission. Providing information from various parties regarding reproductive health is expected to reduce adolescents risk of carrying out HIV risk behaviors. AIM: This study purpose was to analyze the experience of obtaining reproductive health information (from friends, parents, community, community leaders, social media, and organizations) that most influence HIV risk behavior in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents aged 15–19 years living with their parents in Surakarta. The research sample was 450 teenagers. The sampling used convenience sampling technique and data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test in bivariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Information from friends is the most influential factor on HIV risk behavior in adolescents (OR = 0.314, CI = 0.090–1.102). Teenagers who get information from friends tend to carry out HIV risk behaviors because the information is not credible and comprehensive and is more toward the negative, namely, pornography. CONCLUSION: Reproductive health information from friends is not necessarily correct. Efforts to improve the skills of adolescents to find credible sources of information on reproductive health and sexuality are needed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

BACKGROUND: The breastfeeding intention of female students plays an important role in the formation of breastfeeding behavior in the future. Lack of attention to this, both owned by students and those around them, can reduce breastfeeding practices when they become mothers later. Moreover, the process of forming intentions to manifest into behavior takes a long time. Students are considered as an educated group who are expected to be role models in breastfeeding practices in the community. AIM: This study intended to examine the relationship between knowledge, subjective norms, and perceptions (benefits, barriers, and vulnerabilities) toward exclusive breastfeeding intention on female college students of the Public Health department on Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. METHODS: A college basis cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2021. The samples were 187 female students who were willing to participate in the study. The selection of samples using a proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected online questionnaires through an online survey platform. A multi logistic regression test was deployed to examine the exclusive breastfeeding intention and its associated factors on a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Results show that subjective norm is significantly associated with breastfeeding intention (p < 0.05). Students who had supportive subjective norm twice likely to had the intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding OR value 2.22 95% CI (1.07–4.06). CONCLUSION: Overall, the intention to exclusively breastfed their child was related to the student’s subjective norm. The results of this study have an impact on female students to strengthen their intentions and increase their efforts to plan exclusive breastfeeding when they become mothers. Hence, educational communication is needed to the environment around young women regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding so that the social environment can provide support to adolescents in the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Latar Belakang Stunting adalah permasalahan gizi yang masih menjadi target prioritas di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 2 Tahun 2020 tentang Standar Antropometeri Anak, seorang anak 0-59 bulan dikatakan stunting jika tinggi badan (TB) menurut usia di bawah -2 standard deviation. Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting di Indonesia telah turun, dari 24,4% pada tahun 2021 menjadi 21,6% pada tahun 2022. Kemenkes mentargetkan untuk menurunkan angka stunting dari 24% menjadi 14% pada tahun 2024. Akselerasi penurunan kasus stunting butuh keterlibatan tenaga dan kader kesehatan terlatih serta kerjasama seluruh sasaran program stunting. Kader kesehatan menginformasikan harus melakukan pendampingan kepada ibu hamil dengan door to door dengan media edukasinya adalah Buku KIA. Pemberian edukasi di era digital diperkirakan akan lebih efisien secara online seperti aplikasi stunting. Perlu adanya penelitian terbaru terkait aplikasi stunting sebagai langkah guna mempercepat deteksi dini kejadian stunting. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan level 1. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuisioner untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis data kuantitatif. Aplikasi “Gosting” memiliki desain yang sederhana dan pada menu utama terdapat  menu info “stunting” dan menu kalkulator status gizi. Materi pada aplikasi ini berupa informasi mengenai stunting, penyebab, penanggulangan, dan yang berkaitan dengan terjadinya stunting.