The aim of the research was to produce a profile of students' needs analysis about scientific literacy involving graphic organizers for science strategy to build scientific attitudes on high grade elementary students and produce prototypes of scientific literacy teaching materials to build the scientific attitudes of elementary students. This research is based on the problem of the low literacy skills of Indonesian children. The research objective can be achieved with the mixed method research method with the type of Plomp development. Plomp development steps, namely: preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment stage. The results of the study at the preliminary research stage, namely: the analysis of curriculum profile analysis, profile analysis of student characteristics, and analysis of student needs profiles. It was found that elementary students tended to open textbooks when they were in the learning process and they liked the red color for books. However, they have difficulty in developing a scientific attitude. Whereas in the prototyping phase, prototypes of scientific literacy teaching materials were produced using the graphic organizers for science strategy to build valid students' scientific attitudes. The prototype of scientific literacy teaching materials is ready to be tested. The results showed that science literacy teaching materials were very supportive of students' science learning activities in elementary schools. Elementary school students are enthusiastic about learning when using science literacy teaching materials. Science literacy teaching materials are very suitable for use in elementary schools as a companion book for elementary students in mastering science.

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Nowdays technological developments have had a major influence on the lives of Indonesian Muslim children. The change in attitude is going in an unexpected direction. Children tend to be negative in everyday life. The number of children who have the courage to show disrespect is increasing. In fact, violence against peers is increasingly emerging among elementary school age children. Therefore this study aims to analyze the role and influence of the character education-based discovery learning model on the development of attitudes of Indonesian Muslim children who are in elementary school. The research objective can be achieved by conducting experimental research with a two-way ANOVA test. The population of this research is fourth grade elementary school children. The research sample was taken by random sampling. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets, observation sheets, interviews, assessment sheets, student response questionnaires, and evaluation sheets among others. The research findings show that the character education-based discovery learning model has an effect on scientific thinking and the development of responsible and caring attitudes for Indonesian Muslim children. The role of the character education-based discovery learning model on the development of the attitudes of Indonesian Muslim children, namely the character education-based discovery learning model can build an attitude of responsibility and care in the learning process.

This study aims to develop a learning model to improve elementary school students' explanatory writing skills. This development research used the Plomp model (preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment). Data collection techniques were carried out by interview, observation, and documentation study. The data collection tool employed was a written test sheet for students’ explanatory writing skills. After conducting a needs analysis, it was found that the explanatory writing material is new in elementary school. Thus, the students' explanatory writing skills in this study were very low. The teacher then needed a model focusing on the students' development in explanatory writing skills. This research, therefore, produced a learning model of self-regulated strategy development based on local culture to improve the explanatory writing skills of elementary school students. This model can motivate and increase students’ confidence in writing by choosing several strategies provided and measuring, analyzing, and activating early abilities, thereby increasing students’ content knowledge. The results also revealed an increase in students’ explanatory writing skills. Moreover, this special model pays attention to how to write explanatory in elementary school. Further, this model cannot only be used in elementary schools but can also be used at higher school levels. Therefore, future researchers are advised to conduct research by testing the effectiveness of learning models with similar themes at higher school levels.

Local cultural wisdom needs to be maintained because it indicates the characteristics of a region, including the social field. The social culture of each region is very unique and different. The uniqueness of social culture in each region always adheres to positive teachings and deserves to be preserved. The purpose of this research is to produce an ethnosocial learning model that is suitable for use in the learning process. The research was conducted with an R&D approach. The research subjects were students, teachers, and principals of elementary schools. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The results showed that elementary school ethnosocial involvement in the social science learning process was shallow. In fact, what often happens is to provide examples of socio-culture in other areas of learning in elementary schools. This incident occurred without any intentional element and was in accordance with what was thought when the social science learning process took place. For this reason, it is necessary to create an ethnosocial learning model so that there is an effort to pay attention to ethnosocial in their own environment. One of the efforts that can be done is to develop an ethnosocial learning model in elementary schools. The ethnosocial learning model that was created was declared feasible to be applied in elementary schools. The advantage of the ethnosocial learning model is that this model pays attention to the social development of children which is adapted to the local culture.