Tulisan ini hendak mengkaji pemanfaatan E-Government (Electronic Government) dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan perspektif yuridis. berupa pengaturan yang sudah ada pada tingkat nasional atau pusat serta saran tindak bagi daerah dalam rangka mengimplementasikan E-Government, terutama pijakan awalnya berupa suatu kerangka hukum (legal framework). Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan teoretis-konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach).

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Sejak akhir Perang Dunia II, masyarakat internasional menyaksikan meningkatnya upaya serius untuk menanggulangi kejahatan internasional. Selain pengadilan pidana nasional dan mahkamah internasional murni, forum yang baru-baru ini digunakan untuk menangani kejahatan internasional adalah pengadilan hibrida yang telah dibentuk di beberapa negara seperti Kamboja, Sierra Leone dan Timor-Leste. Pengadilan hibrida tersebut dibentuk dengan latar belakang politik berbeda-beda, tetapi sebagai institusi yuridis, pembentukannya seyogianya didasarkan pada instrumen yuridis. Artikel ini mengidentifikasi ada tiga pola dalam pembentukan pengadilan hibrida, yaitu: pembentukan pengadilan hibrida atas dasar perjanjian antara PBB dan negara terkait, pembentukan pengadilan hibrida oleh PBB atau pemerintahan internasional dan pembentukan pengadilan hibrida oleh suatu negara yang kemudian memperoleh dukungan masyarakat internasional.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><br />Since the end of World War II, the international community witnessed the increasingly serious efforts to deal with the international crimes. Besides the domestic criminal courts and purely international tribunals, the forum that is also recently used to handle international crimes is the hybrid courts that have been established in several places such as in Cambodia, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste. Hybrid courts are established from different political backgrounds, but as a legal institution, its establishment was necessarily based on legal instruments. This paper identifies that there are three patterns in the formation of hybrid court, which are: the establishment of a hybrid court based on an agreement between the UN and the relevant state, the establishment of a hybrid court by the UN or international administration and the establishment of a hybrid court by a country which later gains greater international support.</p>

This study brought up the problems, first, the theoretical foundation of the exchange of regional owned property (BMD) agreements with non-governmental parties that involve assets (land) that are under government control (BMD). Second, juridically, the regulational basis for the exchange agreement serving as the basis for the right to transfer the assets (land) under government control (BMD) can be found in the legislation. In doing such actions, terms and conditions of legislation shall apply as the basis of the validity of the actions which includes the aspects of authority, substance and procedure. Third, another thing that determines the feasibility of government action in exchanging BMD (in the form of land) is the aspect of benefit (doelmatigheid). Keywords: Government contract; exchange; regional property AbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan telaah teoretis dan yuridis terhadap perjanjian tukar menukar barang milik daerah (BMD), terutama tanah, antara pemerintah daerah dengan pihak swasta (non-pemerintah). Permasalahan yang akan dibahas meliputi dasar teoretis, peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta pertimbangan kemanfaatan yang berkaitan dengan tukar menukar BMD. Sebagai penelitian hukum maka pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil telaah ditemukan bahwa kontraktualisasi urusan pemerintahan sudah menjadi praktik lazim, termasuk perjanjian tukar menukar yang melibatkan BMD (tanah) yang berada di bawah penguasaan pemerintah daerah. Perjanjian tersebut dapat ditemukan pengaturannya dalam peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga memberikan sinyal bahwa tindakan tersebut diperbolehkan. Selain kesesuaian dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, perjanjian juga harus mempertimbangkan aspek kemanfaatan (doelmatigheid).

<p>In the competition law discourse, one of the controversial issues is the position of Government-Owned Enterprises (GOEs). There are basically two main views regarding the status of GOEs in the competition law. First, GOEs should be granted privileges, even excluded from the scope of business competition law. Secondly, since GOEs are basically businesses and competitors to private enterprises, GOEs must also be subject to competition law. This paper discusses the status of GOEs in Indonesia’s competition law, both in the context of normative framework and in the implementation of competition law provisions. For this purpose, this paper examine the rules of competition law governing the GOEs and analyze some cases of alleged violations of competition law examined by the KPPU as the Indonesian competition authority. This study found that basically Indonesia’s competition law follows the so-called “competitive neutrality” principle in which the law treat both GOEs and private enterprises in equal manner. However, at the practical domain, the cases studied indicates that monopolistic or dominant position held by GOEs may be abused to favor subsidiaries which are in direct, head to head competition, with private enterprises.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p align="center"> </p>

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan bahwa Tiga Gerakan Moral (Gerakan Kembali ke Kebun, Gerakan Hidup Hemat dan Gerakan Desa Aman) yang dicanangkan oleh Pemerintah<br />Daerah bersama komponen-komponen masyarakat adat di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah merupakan hukum adat. Tiga Gerakan Moral sebagai hukum adat didasarkan pada pemenuhan unsur-unsur hukum adat yaitu adanya kaidah, masyarakat, sanksi, dan penegak sanksi. Selain itu, artikel ini juga memberikan argumentasi bahwa Tiga<br />Gerakan Moral sejatinya bertujuan mencapai atau mewujudkan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat Sumba Tengah. Hal ini disebabkan karena melalui Tiga Gerakan Moral,<br />Pemerintah bersama masyarakat bermaksud menyelesaikan persoalan mendasar yang ada yaitu kecenderungan mengabaikan penggarapan lahan kebun, kecenderungan<br />menafsirkan nilai budaya secara kurang tepat sehingga bermuara pada gaya hidup hedonistik, serta gangguan keamanan yang masih cukup tinggi.<br /><br /><em>This article argues that the Three Moral Movements (Back to Field Movement, the Safe Village Movement and the Frugal Lifestyle Movement) launched by the local government and prominent figures of traditional community in Central Sumba Regency meets the qualification of customary law. The categorization of the Three Moral Movements as customary law is based on the fact that the movements consist of customary norms, have been implemented among the traditional community members, and equipped with sanctions as well as the law enforcement elements. Additionally, this article also argues that the Three Moral Movements aims to achieve prosperity for the people of Central Sumba. This is because through the Three Moral Movements, the Government along with the community intends to resolve the existing fundamental problems, which are the tendency of ignoring the cultivation of idle fields, the tendency to mistakenly interpret cultural values that leads to a hedonistic lifestyle, as well as significant security issues.</em>