IntroductionEclampsia is best regarded as a complication of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. While most pregnancies and birth are uneventful, all pregnancies are at risk. Eclampsia is a life threating obstetric complication. 1,2 It is the occurrence of convusion in association with the feature of pre eclampsia. It is an emergency situation, requiring immediate diagnosis and management. It is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and convulsion with unknown etiology. 3,4,5 Eclampsia is an important cause of maternal mortality. Infact most of the cases there are warning sign and they are through pre eclamptic stage of hypertension. In most of the cases the outcomes of delivery depend on frequency, duration and number of convulsion, gestational age, parity and age of the patient.

Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) is an important class of photosensitive polymer with many tissue engineering applications. This study compared PEGDA and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber matrix (NFM) coated PEGDA, referred to as PCL-PEGDA, scaffolds for their application in multiple tissue repair such as articular cartilage, nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc (IVD). We examined each scaffold morphology, porosity, swelling ratio, degradation, mechanical strength, and in vitro cytocompatibility properties. A defect was created in Sprague Dawley rat tail IVD by scraping native cartilage tissue and disc space, then implanting the scaffolds in the disc space for 4 weeks to evaluate in vivo efficacy of multi-tissue repair. Maintenance of disc height and creation of a new cell matrix was assessed to evaluate each scaffold’s ability to repair the tissue defect. Although both PEGDA and PCL-PEGDA scaffolds showed similar porosity ∼73%, we observed distinct topographical characteristics and a higher effect of degradation on the water-absorbing capacity for PEGDA compared to PCL-PEGDA. Mechanical tests showed higher compressive strength and modulus of PCL-PEGDA compared to PEGDA. In vitro cell studies show that the PCL NFM layer covering PEGDA improved osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration into the PEGDA layer. In vivo studies concluded that the PEGDA scaffold alone was not ideal for implantation in rat caudal disc space without PCL nanofiber coating due to low compressive strength and modulus. In vivo results confirm that the PCL-PEGDA scaffold-maintained disc space and created a proteoglycan and collagen-rich new tissue matrix in the defect site after 4 weeks of scaffold implantation. We concluded that our developed PCL-PEGDA has the potential to be used in multi-tissue defect site repair.

The purpose of this study was to detect elevated uric acid level in maternal blood, presumably due to decrease renal urate excretion, for early detection of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. This study showed that serum uric acid was significantly elevated in all cases of preeclampsia. The present study showed that serum uric acid levels were significantly elevated in eclampsia as compared with the levels in pregnancies complicated by hypertension (p<0.05). The level of uric acid above 4.5 mg/dl is indicative of preeclamptic process and in such cases; the subjects deserve careful and close clinical follow up. Increasing higher concentration of uric acid i.e. 5.7 mg/dl, 6.3mg/dl, and 6.72mg/dl was observed in pregnancy with chronic hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia respectively. These results showed that serum uric acid could be used as a sensitive indicator of severity of preeclampsia. Out of 100 cases, there were 20 preterm baby and others such as stillbirth and IUD. So, these entire abnormal fetal outcomes were in the hyperuricaemic group and 5.37 times higher as compared to low serum uric acid group. Mean birth weight of preeclampsia and eclampsia were 2.31kg and 2.30kg respectively compared with 2.5kg in chronic hypertension group.

Background: The expected and significant role of cytological diagnosis is to distinguish benign from malignant processes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast has two main goals. One is to confirm a radiological and clinical benign lesion and avoid unnecessary surgery and the other is to confirm a malignant diagnosis and allow definite treatment planning. Methods: In breast lesions, rapid diagnosis by aspiration cytology can be particularly useful for allaying the apprehension and anxiety of the patient whose apparent solid mass may turn to be a cyst, thus reducing the anguish and morbidity associated with unnecessary surgical procedures. If the lesions turn out to be malignant, the patient can be referred for immediate treatment on priority so that treatment is not unnecessarily delayed. Thus, aspiration cytology is used more and more in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the breast. It is a cost-effective and safe method that can differentiate benign and malignant lesions accurately. In advanced carcinoma or unwilling patients for surgery, it can form the basis of management. The objective of this study was to analyze cases of FNAC of breast lesions. Results: This study was a cross-sectional study including all the patients with breast lump who attended Dhaka Community Medical college Hospital for FNAC. A total 50 cases of all ages and both sexes were included in this study. Smears made from aspirated material were collected and examined. Most of the aspirates were from females. There were more benign lesions (43 cases) as compared to malignant cases (seven cases). Fibroadenomas were the most benign lesion of breast. The age of malignant cases ranged from 21 to 60 years with a majority of cases in the age group of 41-50 years (four cases, 57.1%). Conclusion: FNAC is less time-consuming, safe, useful and highly accurate technique for breast masses and can segregate benign and malignant lesions with accuracy. Triple assessment by clinical, radiological and pathological examination is a standard approach in the evaluation of breast lumps. The clinical and radiological presentations of both benign and malignant lesions can be similar-as a hypoechoic focal mass, occasionally inflammatory lesions may mimic mass-like lesions or appears as non-homogenous regions on radiographs. Here, FNAC can play a major decisive diagnostic role and minimizing the requirement of biopsy.

Pregnancy is a specially important time in women's life to focus on proper health care and nutrition. Nutrition during childhood and adolescence influence a women's preconceptional nutritional status which subsequently influence the outcome of pregnancy and health of the baby. Good nutrition is the key to a successful pregnancy for both mother and child. The mother's nutrition from the moment of conception is an important factor in the development of the infant's metabolic pathway and future wellbeing. The diet during pregnancy should be adequate to provide maintenance of maternal health, the need of growing fetus, the strength and vitality required during labour and successful lactation. All women need to gain weight during pregnancy. Weight gain during pregnancy depends on pre-pregnancy weight. A healthy weight gain for most of the women is between 25-35Lb. During pregnancy a women has different nutritional need for different trimester to meet extra food needs and extra caloric requirement. Normal weight women need an extra 300 kcal /day during the 2 nd and 3 rd trimester of pregnancy. The total amount of needed calorie 2000-2500 kcal/day for a normal weight women. Needs for almost all nutrients are greater during pregnancy for own bodies growth, for baby and successful lactation. The dietetic advice given to the mother should be reasonable and realistic to the individual women.