Background Evaluating the impact of nutrition interventions on developmental outcomes in developing countries can be challenging since most assessment tests have been produced in and for developed country settings. Such tests may not be valid measures of children's abilities when used in a new context. Aims We present several principles for the selection, adaptation, and evaluation of tests assessing the developmental outcomes of nutrition interventions in developing countries where standard assessment tests do not exist. We then report the application of these principles for a nutrition trial on the Indonesian island of Lombok. Sample Three hundred children age 22–55 months in Lombok participated in a series of pilot tests for the purpose of test adaptation and evaluation. Four hundred and eighty‐seven 42‐month‐old children in Lombok were tested on the finalized test battery. Methods The developmental assessment tests were adapted to the local context and evaluated for a number of psychometric properties, including convergent and discriminant validity, which were measured based on multiple regression models with maternal education, depression, and age predicting each test score. Results The adapted tests demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and the expected pattern of relationships with the three maternal variables. Maternal education significantly predicted all scores but one, maternal depression predicted socio‐emotional competence, socio‐emotional problems, and vocabulary, while maternal age predicted socio‐emotional competence only. Conclusion Following the methodological principles we present resulted in tests that were appropriate for children in Lombok and informative for evaluating the developmental outcomes of nutritional supplementation in the research context. Following this approach in future studies will help to determine which interventions most effectively improve child development in developing countries.

Penggunaan pembukuan dalam usahatani merupakan jenis teknologi yang efektif dalam mengontrol kebijakan pengelolaan usahatani. Petani sebagai pengelola usahatani dapat mengetahui kelemahan dalam penyusunan perencanaan dan penyelenggaraan usahatani. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk; 1) memberikan pemahaman kepada petani terkait pentingnya pembukuan usahatani; 2) melatih petani untuk membuat catatan pembukuan usahatani. Pengabdian dilaksanakan di Desa Otak Rarangan, Kecamatan Wanasaba, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan sasaran para petani dari perwakilan kelompok tani sebanyak 20 orang. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan metode Forum Group Discussion (FGD) dan Workshop. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini mampu memberikan pemahaman baru bagi petani terkait pentingnya pencatatan dan pembukuan usahatani. Petani bisa membedakan antara sumber penerimaan dan sumber pengeluaran kegiatan usahatani. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi pada workshop pencatatan dan pembukuan usahatani, petani mengetahui kondisi keuangan usahataninya selama satu musim tanam sebelumnya. Petani bisa menggunakan buku catatan usahatani yang telah dibuat untuk kegiatan musim tanam berikutnya secara berkelanjutan.

Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) can accumulate heavy metals in the waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the heavy metal content of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in blood cockle in Jepara waters through fish landing area Kedung and to determine the effectiveness of liquid smoke as a source of acetic acid in reducing heavy metal in blood cockle. The addition of liquid smoke concentrations of 0%, 4%, 5%, and 6% in distilled water, then the blood cockle soaked for 60 minutes and repeated 3 times. Control and blood cockle soaked in liquid smoke were tested for heavy metals (ICP-MS), protein, water, pH, and organoleptic levels. Heavy metal levels of lead, cadmium and arsenic in blood cockle in Jepara were 0.41±0.08(mg/kg), 1.25±0.07(mg/kg), and 1.28±0.17(mg/kg). The results showed a significant difference P<5% in the reduction of heavy metals with liquid smoke. The lowest decreasing value at concentration of 4% of 25 until 27%, while the highest decrease was at a concentration of 6% 57 until 78%. Soaking blood cockle with liquid smoke as source of acetic acid effectively reduces heavy metal levels and maintains the quality of blood cockle.

Komoditas sayuran merupakan salah sayu komoditas andalan yang diharapkan karena rata-rata berumur pendek dan dapat diproduksi di lahan yang sempit.  Di samping memiliki keunggulan, usahatani sayuran juga memiliki kendala yang cukup berat yakni tingginya tingkat risiko yang dihadapi.  Oleh sebab itu maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui risiko produksi yang dihadapi oleh petani sayuran dan strategi penanganan yang dapat diterapkan oleh petani sayuran untuk menangani risiko produksi di Kabupaten Lombok Utara.  Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua kelompok tani yaitu Poktan Horseka dan Poktan Hijau Daun dengan total responden 30 orang.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani cabe memiliki risiko produksi yang paling besar berdasarkan tingkat produktivitas dengan nilai Koefisien Variasi atau KV = 0,54 dibandingkan dengan kacang panjang (0,32), mentimun jepang (0,36) dan tomat (0,42).  Penyebab utamanya adalah faktor cuaca, serangan hama lalat buah dan serangan penyakit antraknose.  Komoditas yang memiliki risiko produksi berdasarkan pendapatan terbesar adalah tomat dengan nilai KV = 0,48.  Penyebab utamanya adalah biaya produksi tanaman tomat rata-rata lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanaman lainnya seperti cabe, kacang panjang dan mentimun jepang. Untuk memperkecil risiko produksi sayuran di KLU maka petani sebaiknya melakukan pengelolaan lingkungan areal usahatani dengan baik melalui kegiatan penanaman tanaman pelindung, penanaman tanaman pengusir hama atau penjebak hama (crop trapping) dan memperbanyak penggunaan pupuk kandang.

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone is one of the priority areas for national economic development that aims to create new sources of economic growth in the region. Maize is a type of food crop that has great potential share in the agricultural sector, especially as fulfillment food needs in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the income from maize cultivation in the buffer zone of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone; 2) analyze the perceptions of households producing corn in the buffer zone about the socioeconomic benefits of the existence of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. The respondents in this study were farmers who planted maize in Mertak Village and it was determined that there were 30 respondents who were determined by purposive sampling. The results showed that maize farmers in the buffer zone of Mandalika Special Economic Zone earn income in one growing season with an average income from maize cultivation of IDR 15,392,760/LLG or IDR 13,502,577/ha. Also, maize farmers in the buffer zone of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone benefit from the existence of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in the form of increasing employment, improving public facilities like; the road infrastructure is of better quality, the physical condition of educational facilities and health facilities is also improving.