INTISARIPemeliharaan sapi perah pada peternakan rakyat sebagian besar dilaksanakan oleh tenaga kerja keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: tenaga kerja keluarga yang dibutuhkan untuk setiap jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan, produktivitas tenaga ke{a keluarga, dan faktor-faktor .yangmempengaruhi produktivitas tenagake{akeluarga serta konhibusipendapatanusaha sapi perah terhadap pendapatan usahatani secara keseluruhan. Materi penelitian adalah peternak sapi perah di Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang, yang memiliki sapi perah dewasa satu ekor atau lebih dan telah memulai usahanya minimal dua tahun. Sejumlah enam desa sample diambil secara acak dari 13 desa yang ada, sedangkan responden diambil secaruproportional random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja keluarga digunakan regresi linier berganda. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Kepala Keluarga merupakan tenaga kerja yang mencurahkan tenaganya paling banyak 5,073 jam ket'a setara pria (JKSP) atau 5 5 ,l2Yo daitotal tenaga ke{a, disusul istri 2,37 4 IKSP (25,8AYo) daranak laki-laki 0,903 JKSP (9,81%). Tenagakerjayangpalingbanyak dibutuhkan adalahpadajenis kegiatan mencari pakan hijauan (45,75%). Produktivitas tenaga kerja keluarga dalam pemeliharaan sapi perah sebesar Rp.38.230,93 per hari orang kerja (HOK) dengan pendapatan Flp. 16.752,94 per HOK. Faktor yang berpengaruh positifterhadap produktivitas tenaga ket'a keluarga adalah persentase anggota keluarga yang lulus SLIA, jumlah kepemilikan sapi perah dan temak selain sapi perah serta keikutsertaan anggota keluarga dalam pelatihan pengelolaan sapi perah (P<0,01). Faktor yang berpengaruh negatif adalah lamausaha dijalankan (P<0,10), jumlah anggotakeluarga (P<0,05), danluas lahan selainuntuk HMT (P<0,01). Pendapatan usaha sapi perah memberikan kontribusi sebesar 76,l0yo terhadap pendapatan usahatani secara keseluruhan.(Kata kunci : Produktivitas tenaga kerj a keluarga, Peternakan sapi perah rakyat) . ABSTRACTMost of dairy farming of small holders were executed by family labour. The objectives of this research were to know: family labour was required for activities within farming, family labour productivity, the factors influencing family labour productivity and contribution of dairy income to total of farm income. Farmers of dairy cattle in Getasan District, Regency of Semarang having one head of adult dairy cattle and two years experience, were taken as respondents. Six of l3 villages were drawn randomly, while respondents were drawn by proportional random sampling. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors affecting family labour productivity. The results indicated that: head of household mostly spent his work for 5.073 man-hours or 55.12% of his total man-hours, followed by wife 2.374man-hours (25.80%), and son 0.903 man-hours (9.81%). The highest labour allocation was for forage cut and carry (45 .7 5%). The family labour productivity was found to be Rp 38,230.93 per inan-day, with the income o...

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Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet toxicity and resistance effects have been the current problems. Curcumin,a natural compound, has been reported to exert anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cells, including breast carcinoma cells. However, the β-diketone moiety influences the stability of curcumin. Curcumin analogs, pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0), and pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) were synthesized to improve the stability and activity of curcumin by modified the β-diketone moiety into mono-ketone pentanone. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis of curcumin and its analogs (PGV-0 and PGV-1) in murine triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cell line. The cytotoxic evaluation was done by MTT assay, while apoptosis induction and cell cycle evaluation was performed by annexin V staining and detected by flow cytometry. Curcumin and its analogs, PGV-0, and PGV-1, significantly inhibit the viability of 4T1 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 34.34µg/mL, 13.76µg/mL and 38.21μg/mL, respectively. Apoptosis analysis with a dose of 10µg/mL and 15µg/mL in 4T1 breast cancer cells showed that curcumin and its analogs effectively induce apoptotic in a dose-dependent manner. In cell cycle analysis using a dose of 15µg/mL, curcumin inhibited the cell cycle progression in the S phase, whereas PGV-0 and PGV-1 inhibited the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. It could be concluded that curcumin analogs, PGV-0 and PGV-1, have higher potential to be developed as anti-cancer agents by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common childhood malignancies in Indonesia. Many factors can inhibit the induction of remission. Hematological parameters are usually not normal. Identification of corresponding factors is important to increase the likelihood of successful inductions.Objective To assess for associations between hematological parameters and induction of remission in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Methods Data were collected from medical records of ALL patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward at Dr. Kariadi Hospital from May 2014 – May 2016. Dependent variables were hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) levels; the independent variable was induction of remission.Results Out of 55 patients, 33 (60%) had anemia, 6 (10.9%) had leukocytosis, and 1 (1.8%) had hyperleukocytosis, whereas 9 (34.5%) had leukopenia and 29 (52,7%) had normal leukocyte levels. Thirty-one subjects (56.4%) had thrombocytopenia, 15 (27.3%) had thrombocytosis, and only 9 (16.4%) patients had normal platelet counts. There were 29 (52.7%) with absolute ANC > 500, whereas 26 (47.3%) had ANC level ≤ 500. Most patients (80%) experienced remission induction, while 20% did not. There were significant associations between ANC level and induction of remission (P=0.010) as well as between platelet level and induction of remission (P= 0.033). Regression logistic test revealed that ANC level ≤ 500 was associated with a 7-fold lower remission event compared to ANC level > 500 (RR 7.147; 95%CI 1.38 to 37.14).Conclusion Lower ANC level (≤ 500) was significantly associated with lower remission compared to higher ANC level (> 500).

Latar belakang. Masa setelah bayi lahir, sebelum plasenta dilahirkan, terjadi peralihan peran oksigenasi dariplasenta ke paru bayi. Selama masa tersebut, oksigenasi bayi melalui plasenta masih berlanjut, darah masihditransfusikan ke bayi (disebut transfusi plasenta). Jika peran oksigenasi plasenta dihentikan mendadakdengan penjepitan tali pusat dini, sementara paru belum berfungsi optimal, maka cerebral blood flowmenjadi tidak adekuat. Kapan penjepitan tali pusat seharusnya dilakukan, masih menjadi kontroversi danperdebatan lebih dari satu abad, namun mana yang lebih baik bagi bayi, belum mendapatkan jawabanyang memuaskan.Tujuan. Membuktikan pengaruh waktu penjepitan tali pusat setelah bayi lahir terhadap kadar hemoglobin(Hb) dan hematokrit (Ht) bayi baru lahir.Metode. Penelitian dengan posttest-only control group design, menganalisis pengaruh waktu penjepitan talipusat 45 detik (penjepitan lanjut) setelah bayi lahir terhadap kadar Hb dan Ht bayi baru lahir dibandingkandengan 15 detik (penjepitan dini). Subjek adalah 36 bayi baru lahir (19 subjek dilakukan penjepitan dini),lahir spontan di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang dan rumah Bidan praktek swasta, antara Agustus 2007 -Februari 2008. Uji beda rerata kedua kelompok menggunakan independent t-test. Uji multivariat digunakanuji regresi logistik.Hasil. Kadar Hb subjek kelompok penjepitan dini (13,4-18,4)g% dan lanjut (14,5-20,1)g%. Kadar Ht bayipenjepitan 15 detik (37,6-54,7)% dan penjepitan 45 detik antara (41,6-60,6)%. Pada kelompok penjepitan15 dan 45 detik terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata Hb subjek (16,30g±1,36) dan (17,34±1,67)g% dan Ht(47,08±4.54)g% dan (51,34±6,07)g% dengan angka signifikansi berturut-turut p=0,048 dan p=0,022.Kesimpulan. Rerata kadar Hb dan Ht kelompok penjepitan tali pusat 45 detik lebih tinggi (secara statistikbermakna) dibandingkan kelompok penjepitan 15 detik.