Estudios Pedagógicos XXXVIII, Nº 1: 215-233, 2012 INVESTIGACIONES ¿Cómo los niños perciben el proceso de la escritura en la etapa inicial?How do children perceive the process of writing in the initial stage? Como as crianças percebem o processo da escrita na etapa inicial RESUMENEste artículo examinó las creencias y motivaciones de niños Kinder y Primer año de enseñanza básica de nivel socioeconómico bajo, respecto del concepto de escritura y aspectos relacionados como la función e importancia que le asignan al lenguaje escrito, el gusto y experiencias en torno a la escritura, como también el reconocimiento de contextos letrados. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas y de aplicación individual. Los resultados muestran que los niños estudiados poseen diferentes niveles de conocimientos ligados al concepto de escritura, los cuales han sido adquiridos en sus primeros años de vida al interior de sus familias y también en la interacción con una cultura alfabetizada antes de ingresar a la educación formal. Este conocimiento hace posible la integración a propuestas desafiantes que promuevan la producción de textos escritos, centrado en un conocimiento del mundo sociocultural de los niños.Palabras clave: escritura, producción de textos, hipótesis infantiles, educación inicial.ABSTRACT This article examines the beliefs and motivations of kindergarten and first year elementary school children from low socioeconomic backgrounds in relation to the concept of writing and related issues, including the role and importance assigned to written language, enjoyment and experiences related to writing, and the recognition of literate contexts. Recorded semi-structured interviews in individual application were conducted. The results show that the analyzed children have different levels of knowledge associated with the concept of writing; these have been acquired in their first years of life through their families and also for the interaction with a literate culture before entering formal education. This knowledge makes it possible to integrate challenging proposals that promote the production of written texts, focused on the knowledge of the social and cultural world of children.Key words: writing, texts production, children's hypothesis, early childhood education RESUMO Analisaram-se motivações das crianças de nível socioeconômico baixo da pré-escola e do primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, suas crenças relacionadas ao conceito da escrita e aspectos relacionados à função e à importância que elas dão à linguagem escrita, ao gosto por ela e às experiências em torno dela, além do reconhecimento de contextos letrados. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas e aplicadas individualmente. Os resultados mostram que as crianças estudadas possuem diferentes níveis de conhecimentos ligados ao conceito da escrita, adquiridos em seus primeiros anos de vida familiar e na interação com uma cultura alfabetizada antes do ingresso na educação formal. Este conhecimento possibilita a integração de propostas desafiantes...
Writing constitutes a social and cultural practice, in which students early on integrate their experiences and demands by means of a cognitive process situated in a spatiotemporal context and cultural environment (Barton, Hamilton & Ivanic, 2000; Castelló, 2002), organised in a suite of coherent utterances by means of various linguistic resources, where connective elements (conjunctions, adverbs or grammaticalised expressions) stand out. This practice commences early and requires linguistic and cognitive abilities necessary to become a writer capable of communicating meaningful messages to relevant audiences (Scheuer, De la Cruz, Huarte, Bosch, Bello & Baccalá, 2006; Bazerman, 2013). The study describes the presence of connective elements employed with greater frequency by students in their written narratives, in accordance with works of Pérez and Vega (2001), Calsamiglia and Tusón (2012) and Portolés (1998). The participants were 162 students, distributed in groups according to their year, gender and school type (unsubsidised public, subsidised public, state). The results of the study reveal that all students use connective elements to mark in particular aspects of beginning, continuation, sequence and closing in their written narratives (
La incorporación de claves evaluativas en el discurso narrativo se relaciona con el uso de expresiones que envuelve el conocimiento de las acciones, creencias, pensamientos y sentimientos, conocido como el paisaje de la conciencia. el propósito del estudio fue identificar la evolución y progreso de las claves del lenguaje evaluativo en las producciones narrativas orales en niños de kínder, 1º y 2º año de enseñanza básica, en seis escuelas municipales con un alto índice de vulnerabilidad de Santiago de Chile. en los resultados no se observa un mayor uso de claves a medida que aumenta el nivel, sino que el uso tiende a ser similar en los tres niveles. Las únicas diferencias significativas se dan en el uso de claves de estado físico y de relación, las que aumentarían su presencia en primero básico, pero luego reducirían su uso en segundo básico.
La presencia de elementos de conexión y de progresión temporal en narraciones escritas: una mirada a la realidad escolar nacional The presence of elements of connection and temporal progression in written narratives: a look at the national school reality
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