At the Copenhagen summit of 1993, the European Union introduced three criteria for accession to the European Union-political, economic, and adoption of the acquis-combined in 1995 with the necessity, for the candidate states, to have the institutional capacity to implement the acquis. Until the reform of the PHARE programme in 1997, the European Union did not have any cooperation programme for institutionbuilding. Conceived as an innovative instrument in European external cooperation, institutional twinnings are inspired, in their design and their implementation, by new methods of governance emerging from the internal policies of the European Union (new public management, open method of coordination). How did the candidate countries interpret and implement institutional twinnings? Can one simply speak of institutional transfers or are the results of cooperation between Western and Eastern élites and experts of a more complex nature? This article attempts to draw some lessons from the experience of twinning on the basis of sectoral case studies in two countries, Estonia and Hungary, which took part to the EU enlargement of May 2004.
Cet article passe en revue la littérature sur la circulation des normes dans le contexte de l’élargissement et de la politique de voisinage de l’Union européenne (UE) pour montrer que les débats sur les transferts issus d’autres disciplines viennent enrichir ceux sur l’exportation des normes en relations internationales et dans la politique extérieure de l’UE. L’exemple des différentes interprétations et traductions opérées autour de la norme « molle » de la « bonne gouvernance » dans le domaine des réformes institutionnelles indique qu’il est nécessaire de combiner différents concepts pour saisir de manière plus précise les processus à l’œuvre en lien avec le voisinage oriental.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.