No abstract

Pembentukan kemandirin pada usia dini sangatlah penting dipahami oleh guru dan orang tua. Sebab orang tua dan gurulah yang sangat berperan dalam pembentukan kemandirian anak.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dan tindakan apa sajakah yang diberikan dan terjadi pada anak yang dapat membentuk kemandirian anak, bagaimana kemandirian anak usia dini, dan hambatan apa sajakah yang dapat menghambat kemandirian anak usia dini. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah enam partisipan yang terdiri dari tiga orang guru dan tiga orang tua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian studi kasus dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan grounded theory. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaiamana guru dan orang tua memiliki pandangan bahwa kemandirian anak itu penting dikembangkan karena dengan itu anak dapat melakukan segala sesuatunya sendiri dan tidak tergantung pada orang lain serta guru dan orang tua berpandangan kemandirian anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktor pendorong meliputi adik, kekompakan orang tua, konsistensi dan teman akan membentuk kemandirian anak, sedangkan nenek yang telalu memanjakan cucunya, lingkungan keluarga yang tidak mandiri serta telepon genggam merupakan faktor yang dapat menghambat kemandirian anak. Rekomendasi ditujukan kepada guru dan orang tua agar dapat bekerjasama dalam membentuk kemandirian anak dengan memberikan banyak kegiatan yang positif agar anak dapat terbentuk kemandiriannya.

This research aims to identify problem-solving profile ability in an early-aged child using the project-based learning in kindergarten. Methods used in this research is through collaborative classroom action research.This research was done in 3 (three) kindergarten in Cimahi. The technique used to collect data was done through semi-structured observation technique of 1 (one) class from each kindergarten to discover children's problem-solving ability.Furthermore, 6 (six) teachers were interviewed to identify children's problem-solving ability and to discover the learning process using the project-based learning.Whereas the data analysis used in this research is thematic data analysis technique. Moreover, the next step is to construct the problem-solving profile ability in an early-aged child. Based on the research outcome, it is clear that children's problem-solving profile ability with the project-based learning is relatively well. Most of the problem-solving ability indicator can be met, such as the observing ability using their own senses and the ability to communicate, even though stimulus and motivation to ask and answer questions from the teachers are still needed.   Keywords: Problem Solving Skills, Learning Project, Early Childhood Education Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil keterampilan pemecahan masalah anak usia dini dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran proyek di taman kanak-kanak. Metode penelitian yang  digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah collaborative classroom action research. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga TK di Kota Cimahi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi semi terstruktur terhadap 1 (satu) kelas masing-masing TK untuk mengetahui keterampilan pemecahan masalah yang dimilikinya. Selain itu dilakukan wawancara terhadap 6 (enam) orang guru selain untuk mengetahui keterampilan pemecahan masalah anak dan untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran proyek. Sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data tematik, dan langkah selanjutnya menyusun  profil keterampilan pemecahan masalah anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa profil keterampilan pemecahan masalah anak dengan pembelajaran proyek rata-rata berada pada kategori baik. Sebagian besar indikator keterampilan pemecahan masalah dapat dipenuhi dengan baik, hal ini terlihat dari indikator keterampilan mengamati anak sudah mampu melakukann  pengamatan dengan menggunakan inderanya dengan baik, begitu pula pada indikator keterampilan mengumpulkan informasi dan keterampilan mengkomunikasikan, akan tetapi masih perlu stimulus dan motivasi untuk lebih berani bertanya ataupun menjawab pertanyaan dari guru Kata kunci: Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah, Pembelajaran Proyek, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.

Ecopreneurship is an idea that has not been explored by researchers explicitly and become a learning innovation in the 21 st century, but, implicitly this concept is believed that it has been implemented in some primary schools but no further research, therefore, this study aims to prove and to give the description of ecopreneurship development in primary school. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive method. The subject of this research is 22 teachers in primary school. The results of this research showed that the development of ecopreneurship in primary school was integrated in the curriculum content in schools that have implications to the creation of intracurricular learning, extracurricular learning, and display room based on the ecopreneurship's concept. It is found that 81.2% of teachers have tried to apply the principles of ecology in classroom learning and 54.5% of teachers have tried to associate it with the principle of entrepreneurship. The result of this research became the basis for researchers in conducting further research. In addition, the result of this research is expected to be a reference for primary school teachers to develop current learning in 21 st century and it becomes a preventive effort, especially for Indonesian society in preparing them to face Indonesia Emas 2045.

One of the strengths of the RADEC learning model is that learning focuses on teaching and problem-solving skills, so in other words, RADEC is a learning model that can develop students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Learning steps of RADEC consisted of 5 steps which were very easy to remember because they were in accordance with the name of the learning model itself, namely: (1) Read; (2) Answer (A); (3) Discuss (D); (4) Explane (Explain) and (5) Creat (C). At each step of learning RADEC, it can develop HOTS. Students must be able to explore and engage in the learning process so that students’ higher-order thinking skills can be honed. In RADEC learning, each stage can develop high-level student skills including the step of Read. HOTS can be learned in this step by giving the widest opportunity for students to explore and find information from various sources both print and internet. The step of Answer, HOTS can be taught by asking students to look for various alternative answers and solutions. In the Discuss Stage, HOTS can be taught by not limiting students in submitting guesses, ideas, or opinions. The Explane Stage, HOTS can be taught by presenting and communicating the results of the agreement group answers honestly and responsibly, and the other groups will respond to it. While the last stage was Creat, in this step, HOTS can be taught by asking students to provide solutions with their creativity. The results showed that there was an increase in students’ HOTS from an average of 41 to 84.6 after learning with the RADEC learning model.