Bali as a world tourism destination, currently builds sport tourism. Golf is one of sport tourism that is increasingly attracting foreign visitors to Bali. Classified to a prestige sport, golf tourism may change the paradigm of Bali tourism from mass tourism towards quality tourism. This paper aims to elaborate on the antecedents of golfers" satisfaction and their loyalties to the destination. A hundred and thirteen foreign tourists who playing golf while their visit to Bali was surveyed and asked to fulfil the self-administered questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The intrinsic as well extrinsic motivation was positioned as the exogenous constructs in a structural model with the satisfaction and tourists loyalties as the endogenous ones. In addition, their trust for the golf operators was placed as the mediator. Applying variance-based SEM, we found both motivations have a direct effect on their trust, but we did not find a significant effect of these motivations on their satisfaction. However, by the mediation of their trust towards the golf operator, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation showed their significant influences. In addition, their satisfaction in enjoying golf while traveling in Bali showed a significant effect on their loyalties to the destination.

As known, tourism bears an exceptional ability to generate profit and furnish job opportunities, besides finding methods on how to gain benefits of dark tourism to the growth of the Egyptian tourism sector. So the study focuses on how to use a unique set of marketing tools as Rumours and Dark testimonies to entice visitors to go to visits darkish heritage sites which using uncommon scenarios and it's primarily based on the technique of the interpretation that affords to the site visitors as a unique experience it combines the tangible and intangible effects inside the sites. Also, the study draws attention to unfamiliar types of tourism through using technology, exhibitions, drama and storytelling. The study also investigates how the community can cooperate with the stakeholders in promoting dark tourism with stakeholders for implementation. Finally, the research approach is based totally on a descriptive-analytical study, using the method of descriptive analysis resources like empirical and theoretical articles, journals, newspapers, websites, books, blogs and using an online survey.

Airlines' distributiontestify different methods of developments and implementation of new ideas related to airlines' products or models to meet customers' needs and create new desires for using the innovative means of communication to make the travel experience easier. Such methods of innovation rely on the evolution of information and communication technology that enhance and construct better field of communication. The examples of direct and indirect distribution approaches through both traditional and innovative capabilities will be exposed and in this research paper that willemphasize the development of distribution capabilities is creating new perspectives in allocating airlines products based on personalization, standardization, and expose to solve the existing distribution challenges.Airlines' enhancements of their Passenger Services systems considered to be the fundamental phase of development process, alongside the change of global distribution systems strategies and business model to manage the huge transformation in distribution trends.Airlines are recommended to cope with the initiatives of adapting and deploying the new distribution capabilitiesto get the maximum benefit of common transmission standards shared between partners, through using the application Program interface across, that will lead tofurther reduction in distribution costs in a transparent technique across all channels in a personalized perspective.

The proper implementation of government and corporate governance within Egyptian institutions and companies became an absolute necessity in order to attract foreign investments, ensure accountability and data transparency, support healthy competitiveness among organizations and improve the living conditions of the citizens. This paper aims to discuss the existing challenges of governance in different countries at both the governmental and corporate levels. This research highlights the importance of applying governance within the Egyptian institutions and companies. It provides several examples of good governance, which should be assessed with the assistance and application of international standards, where elimination of corruption is a key to good governance and successful civil society with proactive awareness on human rights issues. The special attention is given to the issue of effective IT governance, which implementation became now possible through the established frameworks, standards and guidelines, including ISO 17799, COBIT, ITIL, COSO and Val IT. The discussed governance cases and examples could eventually support the understanding and implementation of the effective governance standards and tools within the Egyptian government and organizations, including Egypt Air.

Nostalgia plays an important role in tourism industry as it promotes "slices of the past" encouraging human beings to remember and have a desire to return to a place from their past. Moreover, nostalgia is one of the main reasons for tourists to travel to their ancestors' lands as 'heritage tourists,' 'roots tourists,' 'diaspora tourists' and 'pilgrims'. Increasing number of current immigrants and their descendants take the opportunity to return to their ancestral home as a result of changes in economy, political forms, and technology. For them, a temporal return to their homeland in a form of tourism, or "nostalgia tourism," might be an attractive option. A quantitative research was carried out depending on distributing 400 questionnaires on the Egyptian migrants to examine their nostalgia to visit the homeland, as well as to explore the impact of owing second-home in Egypt on their participating in nostalgia tourism. The main results approved that more than 70% of them feel nostalgia to visit Egypt for visiting their friends and relatives and to see their ancestral homeland. In addition, the study revealed that 57.1% of respondents have a property in Egypt and 58.1% of them use their homes in Egypt for vacation purposes.