Bali as a world tourism destination, currently builds sport tourism. Golf is one of sport tourism that is increasingly attracting foreign visitors to Bali. Classified to a prestige sport, golf tourism may change the paradigm of Bali tourism from mass tourism towards quality tourism. This paper aims to elaborate on the antecedents of golfers" satisfaction and their loyalties to the destination. A hundred and thirteen foreign tourists who playing golf while their visit to Bali was surveyed and asked to fulfil the self-administered questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The intrinsic as well extrinsic motivation was positioned as the exogenous constructs in a structural model with the satisfaction and tourists loyalties as the endogenous ones. In addition, their trust for the golf operators was placed as the mediator. Applying variance-based SEM, we found both motivations have a direct effect on their trust, but we did not find a significant effect of these motivations on their satisfaction. However, by the mediation of their trust towards the golf operator, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation showed their significant influences. In addition, their satisfaction in enjoying golf while traveling in Bali showed a significant effect on their loyalties to the destination.

Airlines' distributiontestify different methods of developments and implementation of new ideas related to airlines' products or models to meet customers' needs and create new desires for using the innovative means of communication to make the travel experience easier. Such methods of innovation rely on the evolution of information and communication technology that enhance and construct better field of communication. The examples of direct and indirect distribution approaches through both traditional and innovative capabilities will be exposed and in this research paper that willemphasize the development of distribution capabilities is creating new perspectives in allocating airlines products based on personalization, standardization, and expose to solve the existing distribution challenges.Airlines' enhancements of their Passenger Services systems considered to be the fundamental phase of development process, alongside the change of global distribution systems strategies and business model to manage the huge transformation in distribution trends.Airlines are recommended to cope with the initiatives of adapting and deploying the new distribution capabilitiesto get the maximum benefit of common transmission standards shared between partners, through using the application Program interface across, that will lead tofurther reduction in distribution costs in a transparent technique across all channels in a personalized perspective.

The proper implementation of government and corporate governance within Egyptian institutions and companies became an absolute necessity in order to attract foreign investments, ensure accountability and data transparency, support healthy competitiveness among organizations and improve the living conditions of the citizens. This paper aims to discuss the existing challenges of governance in different countries at both the governmental and corporate levels. This research highlights the importance of applying governance within the Egyptian institutions and companies. It provides several examples of good governance, which should be assessed with the assistance and application of international standards, where elimination of corruption is a key to good governance and successful civil society with proactive awareness on human rights issues. The special attention is given to the issue of effective IT governance, which implementation became now possible through the established frameworks, standards and guidelines, including ISO 17799, COBIT, ITIL, COSO and Val IT. The discussed governance cases and examples could eventually support the understanding and implementation of the effective governance standards and tools within the Egyptian government and organizations, including Egypt Air.

AbstracSocial innovation ensures the development and implementation of new ideas related to services, products or models to meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations. Such form of innovation relies on the inventiveness of local communities, civil society organizations, local businesses, citizens and individual contributors from both private and public sectors to improve the existing or create the new products and services in order to better satisfy the individuals' needs. This research paper explores how new communication channels and government policies toward social innovation and social entrepreneurship are creating a culture with actively involved city administration, corporate contributors and individuals in developing ideas and pilot projects to solve the existing domestic and national social challenges. The examples of both governmental and airline corporate approaches to social innovation are provided in the paper. Crowdfunding proved to be a successful tool of social innovation, especially in the airline industry. The analysis of the provided policies, methods and practical approaches will help to improve the airline's social innovations.