orests have significant function related biological diversity, habitat protection of flora fauna such as orangutan, tiger, elephant; climate-related functions such as carbon sequestration, air pollution; human settlements, human health, school activities, habitat for people, rural livelihoods; state defense as natural resources such as commercial industrial wood, non-wood forest products, international and national trade; ecotourism, and recreation. However the problem in Indonesia is forest fires. In order to maintain its functions, all the famers, forestry-concession owners, government, local government and private enterprise should prevent and suppress the forest fires through the existing law and regulations such as Constitution Law

Koperasi yang sudah ada sejak lama, keberadaanya tidak pernah padam. Hal pendorong yang menjadi penyebab utama tetap eksis nya koperasi di Indonesia ialah dasar dari koperasi itu sendiri yaitu kekeluargaan. Sebagai badan usaha, koperasi bertujuan agar tercapainya keadilan dan kemakmuran di masyarakat dengan dasar Pancasila dan amanat konstitusi yaitu Undang-undang Dasar 1945. Oleh sebab itu, koperasi dijadikan tonggak pada perekonomian di Indonesia. Pandangan tersebut didukung oleh pemerintah pada Orde Lama hingga Orde Reformasi. Dibandingkan badan usaha lainnya, koperasi dianggap sebagai badan usaha yang sangat sesuai dengan ekonomi rakyat. Koperasi juga dianggap sebagai wadah dari perekonomian masyarakat, artinya para masyarakat yang memiliki usaha dapat bergabumg dengan koperasi untuk meningkatkan perekonomian nasional. Tidak hanya koperasi, Usaha Mikro Kecil, dan Menengah (“UMKM”) serupa dengan koperasi. UMKM dapat meningkatkan perekonomian nasional, melihat kejadian pada tahun 1998, krisis ekonomi melanda Indonesia. UMKM dianggap dapat menopang perekonomian Indonesia, pemerintah berharap agar UMKM menjadi bagian dari koperasi, pemerintah jadi lebih mudah menjangkau dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap masyarakat khususnya di pedesaan. Dianggap sebagai penunjang ekonomi masyarakat, karena UMKM memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, salah satunya dengan terbukanya lapangan pekerjaan. Koperasi dan UMKM mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah, dengan kemudahan yang diberikan untuk menunjang kemajuan dari koperasi dan UMKM.Kata Kunci : koperasi; UMKM; penggabungan.

West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has been severely affected by . The spread of this virus is relatively fast and causes sick victims and even death. The West Java Provincial Government has taken various countermeasures, one of which is by implementing policy regulations, given that the existing laws and regulations are not sufficient to handle the Covid-19 pandemic. Various administrative rules are poured into policy regulations, which are formed based on the administrative authority of the provincial government, to achieve the success of the government's task of protecting public health and mitigating the impact of Covid-19. The policy regulations that are formed and implemented are governor regulations, governor decrees, governor instructions, governor circular, governor and related agency announcements, governor and related agency announcements, warrants, brochures, and field actions for the prevention and control of Covid-19 Through these various policy regulations, the West Answer Provincial Government has regulated and enforced health protocols, large-scale social restrictions, health care and treatment through hospitals and other health facilities, temporary closure of public places and public facilities, work from home arrangements, regulation school from home, arrangements for worship from home, field inspections by law enforcement officials, and imposition of criminal sanctions on violators of policy regulations. The West Java Provincial Government has succeeded in reducing the rate of increase in the spread of Civid-19, curing positive Covid-19 patients, and reducing the death toll due to

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh: (1) kompetensi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan karyawan, (2) kompetensi terhadap kepuasan karyawan, (3) disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan karyawan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif kausal. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah karyawan yang bekerja pada UD japan Motor dan objek penelitian adalah kompetensi, disiplin kerja serta kepuasan karyawan. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan yang bekerja pada UD. Japan Motor Singaraja yang berjumlah karyawan 50 orang. Penelitian ini dikatagorikan sebagai penelitian atau sasaran penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, pencatatan dokumen dan metode kuesioner, serta dianalisis dengan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kompetensi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan karyawan, (2) kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan karyawan, (3) disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan karyawan.

Indonesia has the lowest government in rural areas which is called village administration. In Indramayu Regency, the village administration is led by a Kuwu. Kuwu is elected by the villagers through the kuwu election mechanism. The election of village heads has been regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. In 2021 the Indramayu Regency Government will hold Kuwu elections for 171 villages. The election for kuwu in Indramayu Regency must refer to Law Number 6 of 2014 but its implementation is faced with the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. How is the implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages in the Kuwu election in Indramayu Regency? This is the problem that is discussed and used in this article. The aim is to find out the implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages in the Kuwu election in Indramayu Regency during the Covid-19 pandemic. These problems have been researched using empirical legal research methods through observations and interviews. The results showed that the Indramayu Regency government modified the implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages in the Kuwu election in Indramayu Regency according to the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. The results of this study contribute to the development of village government laws and research programs organized by Tarumanagara University