Background: Children are categorized as short stature when the Height for Age results are below the 3rd percentile of CDC growth chart standard. Short stature on children will have an impact on increased mortality and morbidity, children's cognitive development, and psychological abilities. This study aims to investigate the effect of short stature on cognitive abilities and psychosocial condition of primary school children. Subjects and Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Pasar Kliwon 01 Primary School, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 81 students from 3rd -5th grades of were selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variables were cognitive ability and psychosocial condition. The independent variable was body height. Body height was measured by microtoise. Cognitive ability was assessed based on mathematics, Indonesian language, and natural sciences score. Psycho-social condition was assessed using Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Short stature increased cognitive ability (OR= 2.86; 95% CI= 1.03 to 7.92; p= 0.043), and it was statistically significant. Short stature increased psychosocial condition, (OR= 2.24; 95% CI= 0.51 to 9.70; p= 0.279), but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Short stature increases cognitive ability and psychosocial condition.

Background: Doctors generally do not work permanently at hospitals. Doctors are expected to deliver quality medical service at the hospitals. However, hospitals often find it difficult to exercise efective managerial control over the quality of medical services. This study aimed to investigate the effect of doctor's personality, job characteristic, payment method, facility, on performance and quality of doctor service. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital and PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Surakarta, from March to May 2017. A sample 182 study subjects consisting of 26 doctors, 26 nurses, and 130 patients, were selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of doctor service. The independent variables were doctor's personality (extrovert vs. introvert), doctor's carefulness, proactive attitude, self-efficacy, autonomy, performance feedback, supervisor support, payment method, work site (private vs. public), and performance. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Path analysis was employed to analyze the data. Results: Good quality of doctor service was directly affected by good performance (b= 0.64; SE= 0.11; p<0.001), private work site (b= 2.85; SE= 0.66; p<0.001), and strong self-efficacy (b= 0.21; SE= 0.07; p= 0.006). Good work performance was affected by extrovert personality (b= 0.08; SE= 0.06; p= 0.186), careful attitude (b= 0.30; SE= 0.09; p= 0.001), proactive personality (b= −0.17; SE= 0.05; p= 0.001), strong self-efficacy (b= 0.27; SE= 0.07; p<0.001), autonomy (b= 0.16; SE= 0.06; p= 0.015), performance feedback (b= 0.43; SE= 0.13; p<0.001), supervisor support (b= 0.14; SE= 0.06; p= 0.018), payment method (INA CBGs) (b= −2.29; SE= 0.66; p<0.001), and private work site (b= -0.26; SE= 0.68; p= 0.696). Conclusion: Good quality of doctor service is directly affected by good performance, private work site, and strong self-efficacy.

<p align="center"><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>BSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>: There are many literatures have reported the link between religiosity and health outcomes. Body image come as someones’ perceptions towards their body, also being influenced by religiosity. The aims of this study was to compare body image in adolescents between private (Islamic) and public (mix religion) high schools, beside the similar study in Indonesia have not yet reported. </em></p><p><strong><em>Method</em></strong><em>: This was a cross sectional design study using Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Duke University Religion (Durel) Index questionnaire. We used purposive sampling for sampling technique. The data collected from one private (I) and one public (II) senior high schools in Surakarta, Indonesia.  An independent-samples t test was conducted to compare the BSQ score and Durel index between both schools.  </em></p><p><strong><em>Result</em></strong><em>: Total 150 questionnaires were distributed to both schools, only 116 questionnaires filled completely. There was a significant difference in the Durel index between school I (M=25.90, SD=2.82) and II (M= 24.70, SD=1.55); t(114)= 2.84, p=0.005. But there was not a significant difference in the BSQ score between school I (M= 77.00, SD=26.16) and II (M= 79.86, SD=26.67); t(114)=-0.58, p=0.561. </em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>: These results showed that the students who studying in a private senior high school have a higher religiosity compare to those who studying in public senior high school. The higher religiosity in private schools’ gave them lower score on BSQ compare to public schools’, but the mean differences were not statistically significant. </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: body image</em></strong><strong><em>;</em></strong><strong><em> adolescents</em></strong><strong><em>;</em></strong><strong><em> body shape</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Religiusitas dan hubungannya dengan <em>outcome</em> kesehatan telah dibahas dalam berbagai studi. Salah satu <em>outcome</em> kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan religiusitas adalah <em>body image</em>. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membandingkan <em>body image</em> pada remaja di sekolah menengah atas privat (Islami) dan sekolah umum (berbagai agama). Studi ini di Indonesia masih belum banyak ditemukan publikasinya.</p><p><strong>Metode</strong>: Studi ini adalah studi observasional analitik dengan pendekatan <em>cross sectional</em>. Dua kuisioner digunakan sebagai alat ukur penelitian yaitu <em>Body Shape Questionnaire</em> (BSQ) dan <em>Duke University Religion</em> (Durel) <em>Index questionnaire</em>. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah <em>purposive sampling</em>. Data penelitian didapatkan dari 1 sekolah menengah atas privat (I) dan 1 umum (II) di Surakarta, Indonesia. Untuk analisis data dalam studi ini digunakan <em>Independent-samples t test</em>  untuk membandingkan skor BSQ dan Durel index dari dua sekolah tersebut.</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong>: 150 kuisioner didistribusikan kepada remaja di kedua sekolah, hanya 116 kuisioner yang pengisiannya lengkap. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari skor Durel index antara sekolah I (M=25.90, SD=2.82) dan II (M= 24.70, SD=1.55); t(114)= 2.84, p=0.005. Untuk skor BSQ antara sekolah I (M= 77.00, SD=26.16) dan II (M= 79.86, SD=26.67); t(114)=-0.58, p=0.561, ditemukan perbedaan mean, namun tidak signifikan secara statistik.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Hasil dari studi ini dapat menggambarkan bahwa remaja yang bersekolah di sekolah menengah atas privat mempunyai religiusitas yang lebih tinggi daripada di sekolah umum. Remaja di sekolah privat dilihat dari nilai <em>Mean</em>, mempunyai hasil <em>body image</em> yang lebih baik berdasarkan skor BSQ dibandingkan dengan sekolah umum, namun tidak signifikan secara statistik.</p><p><strong>Keywords: <em>body image</em></strong><strong><em>;</em></strong><strong> remaja</strong><strong>;</strong><strong> bentuk tubuh</strong></p>

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and patterns of smoking and alcohol consumption among Indonesian male youth: one of the key populations in NCDs prevention. Methods: Data from Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 was analyzed. A total of 13,079 male age 15-24 years old were interviewed for smoking and alcohol consumption. The IDHS 2017 further collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, including age, education, and area of residence. Results:The smoking prevalence among Indonesian male youth were 48.7%, with higher prevalence in rural area (50.5%) compared to urban area (47.2%). An alarming rate of 77.5% male youth had tried smoking, with almost 21% tried smoking during elementary school-age (<13 years old). Approximately 37% of male youth had drunk alcohol, although only less than 2% drank alcohol more than 30 days in the past three months. Similar to smoking, most (85.1%) of the male youth first tried drinking alcohol during school-aged years. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption in Indonesia is relatively high, with school-aged children susceptible for initiation of smoking. Intervention to reduce these health-risk behaviors should be aimed at school-aged children. School-based intervention intertwined with family and community support might be an effective strategy to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption among Indonesian male youth. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption in Indonesia is relatively high, with schoolaged children susceptible for initiation of smoking. Intervention to reduce these health-risk behaviors should be aimed at school-aged children. School-based intervention intertwined with family and community support might be an effective strategy to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption among Indonesian male youth.

Terjadi kenaikan kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas 5,13% dari tahun 2015 (96.233 kasus) ke 2016 (106.644 kasus)(BPS, 2019). Kecelakaan lalu lintas tersebut dapat dicegah dengan pengetahuan mengemudi aman yang tinggi dan masa kerja lama yang dimiliki oleh sopir bus. Sopir tersebut dapat lebih terampil dan mengetahui risiko dari pekerjaanya sehingga lebih berhati-hati dan menerapkan perilaku mengemudi aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan mengemudi aman dan masa kerja dengan perilaku mengemudi aman.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Responden merupakan sopir bus PO. X Kutoarjo sejumlah 93 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mengemudi aman, masa kerja, dan perilaku mengemudi aman. Kemudian dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji Somers’d dan uji regresi ordinal berganda. Hasil uji somers’d diketahui terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan mengemudi aman dengan perilaku mengemudi aman (p= 0,000; r=0,683), dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara masa kerja dengan perilaku mengemudi aman (p= 0,000; r=0,606). Hasil uji regresi ordinal berganda menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengemudi aman dan masa kerja sama-sama berpengaruh terhadap perilaku mengemudi aman, dan diketahui pengetahuan mengemudi aman memiliki kekuatan pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan masa kerja terhadap perilaku mengemudi aman (p=0,000 ; OR=7,677 ; p=0,001 ; OR=6,060), artinya terdapat hubungan pengetahuan mengemudi aman dan masa kerja dengan perilaku mengemudi aman. Pengetahuan merupakan faktor pendahulu dalam perilaku seseorang. Pengemudi yang memiliki  pengetahuan mengemudi aman yang baik akan memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi mengenai pentingnya mengemudikan kendaraan dengan aman. Masa kerja berhubungan dengan perilaku mengemudi aman, semakin lama masa kerja pengemudi maka semakin baik perilaku mengemudi aman yang dimiliki.