___________________________________________________________The aiming of this research and development is to produce training model of pointing skills for petanque athletes. Other than that, this research and development done for gaining in-depth information about developing and application training model of pointing skill, to knowing the effectivity, efficiency, and athlete's interest towards the training model. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) by Borg and Gall. The instrument used in this research and development are questionnaires and Petanque pointing skills test, which were used to collect data on the results of athletes pointing. The subject in this research and development were 30 athletes of DKI Jakarta club. The results in this study is a guidebook of pointing skills for petanque athletes with a total of 30 models that have been evaluated by experts, trials and revisions, and have been tested for their effectiveness. The effectiveness test used the "t-test" technique, data taken from the pre-test and post-test result with a significance level of 0.05. Based on the result of the effectiveness test using the t-test, the difference in the results of the pointing skills between the pre test and post test obtained t0 = 14.159 bigger than tt = 0.000, so the hypothesis is rejected. In conclusion, there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the skill of pointing on petanque. The average of pre-test on pointing skills was 3.77 smaller than the post-test average of 7. This can be concluded that the pointing skills training model for petanqque athletes is effectively applied in training at the petanque sports club.

Several factors that can affect a person's financial behavior are internal and external factors. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of learning financial accounting, financial literacy, and self-control simultaneously and partially on the financial behavior of students of the Faculty of Economics, Prof. University. Hazairin SH. The type of research taken by the researcher is quantitative research using the ex-post facto method. The population in this study were students of the Faculty of Economics, University of Prof. Hazairin SH, totaling 644 students. Researchers took samples using purposive sampling technique with a total of 118 students. The data collection techniques used in this research are questionnaires and tests. While the data analysis technique used by the researcher used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS version 21.0 application program. After conducting the research, the researchers found that the results of data analysis proved that: (1) learning financial accounting, financial literacy, and self-control simultaneously had a significant effect on financial behavior, (2) there was a significant effect of learning financial accounting on financial behavior, (3 ) financial literacy has a significant effect on financial behavior, (4) self-control has a significant effect on financial behavior

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh minimnya kegiatan keagamaan yang dilakukan di sekolah dan keluarga di Desa Kuala Alam Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Masjid Jami’ Desa Kuala Alam Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis. Penulis ingin melihat metode dakwah yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan didikan subuh dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari didikan subuh Di Masjid Jami’ Desa Kuala Alam. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini dilakukan selama tiga bulan dengan melibatkan empat orang sebagai narasumber untuk menganalisa data dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode dakwah yang dilakukan di dalam Kegiatan Didikan Subuh menggunakan Metode Bil Hikmah (bijaksana), Mau’izhah Hasanah (pendidikan, ilmu pengetahuan), dan Mujadalah (tukar pendapat). Metode-metode diterapkan di dalam  kegiatan Didikan Subuh baik untuk kelancaran program maupun keberlangsungan program ke depannya. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan Didikan Subuh ini adalah anak-anak mempunyai ilmu pengetahuan agama yang lebih, mereka menjadi lebih terampil dari segi kegiatan keagamaan dan praktek lainnya. Selain itu, kegiatan didikan subuh ini juga membantu anak-anak yang minim ilmu pengetahuan agama di sekolah.Kata Kunci : Metode Dakwah; Kegiatan Keagamaan; Didikan Subuh

Background: Averrhoa bilimbi or starfruit is a plant that is commonly found in Indonesia. A. bilimbi is widely used as herbal therapy against various diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. Objective: This article is intended to provide information regarding the chemical content of A. bilimbi, its antibacterial potential, and its safety level. Methods: The preparation of this article used a systematic literature review method of articles that have been published in both national and international scientific journal. Result: Leave and fruit of A. bilimbi is known to contain several classes of primary and secondary metabolites, namely carbohydrates, proteins, fats, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. A. bilimbi also contains several macros and micro minerals including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn). A. bilimbi could inhibit the growth of various Gram-positive and negative bacteria which have been proven through in vitro testing with diffusion and dilution methods. Based on the acute toxicity study, it was found that 80% ethanol extract of A. bilimbi fruit had an LD50 value of above 5.000 mg/kg BW so that it is practically non-toxic. Based on sub-chronic toxicity of A. bilimbi up to a dose of 500 mg/kg BW there was no death in the test animals and shows a toxic effect. Conclusion: The leaves and fruit of A. bilimbi have antibacterial activities. The compounds contained in A. bilimbi are thought to have a role in its antibacterial activity. Based on several toxicity studies, the ethanol extract of A. bilimbi has been proven safe to use. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi, Starfruit, Antibacterial, Chemical Properties, Toxicity.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANALGESIK GEL FRAKSI KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus) dengan Metode Hot Plate). Rasa nyeri dapat timbul salah satunya diakibatkan oleh adanya gangguan pada reseptor nyeri dimana reseptor nyeri tersebut merupakan ujung saraf bebas yang tersebar di kulit, otot, tulang dan sendi. Timbulnya rasa nyeri tentu akan menggangu aktivitas sehingga diperlukan obat penghilang rasa nyeri. Obat-obatan yang dikenal mampu meredakan rasa nyeri disebut sebagai analgesik. Faktanya, saat ini telah beredar berbagai macam obat analgesik di pasaran. Di samping itu, terdapat pula tumbuhan yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai analgesik yaitu manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menilai dan membandingkan mula kerja dan aktivitas dua jenis analgesik yang diberikan secara topikal serta nilai ED50 dengan menggunakan metode hot plate. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membagi enam ekor mencit menjadi 4 kelompok Uji. Kelompok I sebagai kelompok perlakuan (Gel Manggis); kelompok II sebagai kelompok kontrol positif (Voltaren Gel); kelompok III sebagai kelompok normal (tanpa perlakuan); dan kelompok IV sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif (Basis Gel). Tiga puluh menit setelah pemberian perlakuan, tiap mencit ditempatkan di atas beaker glass pada hot plate dengan suhu 700C. Waktu yang terlewat antara penempatan hewan di hot plate dan adanya perilaku menjilati telapak kaki, gemetar, atau melompat dari permukaan dicatat sebagai respon latensi dalam hitungan detik. Hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu gel manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) konsentrasi 0,3%, 0,4%,dan 0,5% memiliki efek analgesik. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi gel Garcinia mangostana L. semakin tinggi daya analgesik yang didapatkan. Nilai ED50 yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 0,037 mg/kgBB.