Previous studies suggested the multi-millennial scale changes of Australian-Indonesian monsoon (AIM) rainfall, but little is known about their mechanism. Here, AIM rainfall changes since the Last Deglaciation (~18 ka BP) are inferred from geochemical elemental ratios (terrigenous input) and palynological proxies (pollen and spores). Pollen and spores indicate drier Last Deglaciation (before ~11 ka BP) and wetter Holocene climates (after ~11 ka BP). Terrigenous input proxies infer three drier periods (i.e., before ~17, ~15–13.5, and 7–3 ka BP) and three wetter periods (i.e., ~17–15, ~13.5–7, and after ~3 ka BP) which represent the Australian-Indonesian summer monsoon (AISM) rainfall changes. Pollen and spores were highly responsive to temperature changes and showed less sensitivity to rainfall changes due to their wider source area, indicating their incompatibility as rainfall proxy. During the Last Deglaciation, AISM rainfall responded to high latitude climatic events related to the latitudinal shifts of the austral summer ITCZ. Sea level rise, solar activity, and orbitally-induced insolation were most likely the primary driver of AISM rainfall changes during the Holocene, but the driving mechanisms behind the latitudinal shifts of the austral summer ITCZ during this period are not yet understood.
BACKGROUND: South Kalimantan is one of province in Indonesia which has endemic area, mainly in the villages at forest area. Understanding the risk factors which can increase the risk of malaria in individuals at forest area will enable more effective use for controlling the disease. The identification of risk factors will provide information about local malaria epidemiology and usefull for making appropriate and effective malaria eradication program policies in this area. AIM: To know the risk factors of malaria prevalence in endemic forest areas in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 adult people who lived in Batu Bulan Village and Batu Paha Village, South Kalimantan. Blood samples for malaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic test is taken from cubital vein. Household factors and demographic data were obtained. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed to analyze the factors associated with malaria prevalence in South Kalimantan. This research didn’t do vector survey, only on the prevalence of malaria and risk factor in human and environment. RESULTS: The prevalence of malaria based RDT examination was 35.5% with 23.68% Plasmodium falciparum, 21.05% Plasmodium vivax, and 55.27% mixed infection. The prevalence malaria based on microscopic examination was 17.75% with 47.36% P. falciparum, 26.32% P. vivax, and 26.32% mix infection. Demographic factors influencing the prevalence of malaria were aged below 25-years-old (p = 0.01, 95% CI, OR = 2.289), villages in Batu Paha (p = 0.048, 95% CI, OR = 3.55), and occupation as a forest worker (p = 0.022, 95% CI, OR = 6.38). House factors that influence the prevalence of malaria were the condition of the walls that are open or not tight (p = 0.048 95% CI, OR = 5.205), the roof is made of plastic (p = 0.015 95% CI, OR = 2.831), and the presence of animal cage around the house (p = 0.015 95% CI, OR = 6.292). CONCLUSIONS: Malaria incidence remains occurs with high prevalence in the pupolation in remote forest areas.
Worm infection is an infectious disease caused by one or more intestinal parasitic worms from the class of intestinal nematodes. Worm infection can disruption of nutrients such as deficiency calories, protein, and blood loss. The aim of research is to know the effect of worm infection on nutritional status in SDN 2 Barabai Darat's children South Kalimantan 2015. This research is an observational analytic with cross sectional approach. The total samples is 85 children from class 3 and 4, obtained by purposive sampling fit the inclusion criteria. Data collected by stool examination and measurement of nutritional status, the data were analyzed by Fischer's Exact test. The results showed were 5,9% children with worm infections. Statistical analysis showed that there was not any effect of worm infection on nutritional status based on BB/U (p = 1,000), based TB/U (p = 0,154), and based on BMI/U (p = 1,000). Conclusion from this research is not any effect of worm infection on nutritional status in children at SDN 2 Barabai Darat (p> 0,05). Keywords: worm infection, nutritional status, SDN 2 Barabai Darat Abstrak: Infeksi kecacingan adalah suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh satu atau lebih cacing parasit usus dari golongan nematoda usus. Infeksi kecacingan dapat menimbulkan gangguan zat gizi berupa kekurangan kalori, protein, dan kehilangan darah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh infeksi kecacingan terhadap status gizi pada anak di SDN 2 Barabai Darat Kalimantan Selatan tahun 2015. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 85 anak dari kelas 3 dan 4, didapat secara purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan feses dan pengukuran status gizi, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Fischer's Exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 5,9% anak yang positif terinfeksi cacing. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh infeksi kecacingan terhadap status gizi berdasarkan BB/U (p=1,000), berdasarkan TB/U (p=0,154), dan berdasarkan IMT/U (p=1,000). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat pengaruh infeksi kecacingan terhadap status gizi pada anak di SDN 2 Barabai Darat (p>0,05). Kata-kata kunci: kecacingan, status gizi, SDN 2 Barabai Darat
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan akses perempuan nelayan dalam kegiatan produktif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2011 di Desa Teluk, Kecamatan Labuan, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Propinsi Banten. Subyek penelitian yaitu sebanyak 30 orang (diantaranya 15 perempuan nelayan). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan paradigma interpretatif. Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara bebas secara mendalam. Data terkumpul diklasifikasikan sesuai topik penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan analisis gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan produktif perempuan nelayan di lokasi kasus adalah sebagai pengolah pemindangan ikan tongkol. Akses perempuan nelayan terhadap sumberdaya, modal dan pasar tergolong mudah, namun masih terkendala pada akses informasi untuk pengembangan usaha. Perempuan nelayan masih mengalami dampak negatif dari ketimpangan gender, karena laki-laki nelayan selalu mendapatkan peluang informasi lebih besar dibandingkan perempuan nelayan. Semestinya perempuan nelayan sebagai anggota masyarakat nelayan punya hak dan kewajiban yang sama dengan laki-laki nelayan. Peranan perempuan nelayan sebagai pelaku ekonomi tidak boleh diabaikan karena potensi dan partisipasinya dalam pembangunan memang signifikan. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan upaya pemberdayaan bagi perempuan nelayan terutama yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas (kompetensi) dan akses produktif perempuan nelayan, sehingga perempuan nelayan memiliki kemampuan untuk berkontribusi dan mengembangkan potensinya secara maksimal dalam pembangunan ekonomi desa pesisir. Kata kunci: akses perempuan, kegiatan ekonomi, nelayan Abstract : Fishermen Women's Access on Productive Activities. by Istiana The purpose of research to describe fishermen women's access on productive activities (economic). This research was
<p>Perilaku prososial dapat diartikan juga sebagai segala tindakan apapun yang menguntungkan orang lain. Perilaku prososial ini meliputi altruisme, saling membantu, saling menghibur, persahabatan, pertolongan, penyelamatan, pengorbanan, kemurahan hati, saling membagi dan menanggapi orang lain dengan simpati dan wujud kerjasama. Alasan yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini dilakukan adalah bahwa secara jenis kelamin perempuan dan laki- laki mungkin mempunyai perbedaan dalam hal perilaku prososial.Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah remaja laki-laki dan perempuan yang tinggal atau bermukim di Kelurahan Tanjung Rejo Medan Sunggal sebanyak 60 orang yang terdiri dari 30 remaja laki-laki dan 30 remaja perempuan yang berusia 14-21 tahun. Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik <em>accidental sampling.</em>. Uji validitas yang digunakan adalah validitas isi. Uji reliabilitas menggunakan rumus <em>Alpha Cronbach dengan SPSS 19.00 for windows</em> yang dimana diperoleh koefisien reliabilitas perilaku prososial sebesar 0,866. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah <em>analisis independent sample t- test.</em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki lebih tinggi perilaku prososialnya dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya perbedaan faktor fisik dan faktor psikologi seperti perbedaan afektif, perbedaan kognitif, faktor pola asuh, serta umur. Dimana nilai mean yang didapatkan adalah laki-laki 79,00 dan perempuan 70,17.</p>
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