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O presente artigo procura analisar o modo como os atores escolares constroem as sociabilidades entre si. Num olhar que procura ir além daquilo que os estatutos legais determinam, pretende-se compreender o que é comum nas sociabilidades escolares entre estes atores a partir das perceções dos alunos sobre situações de injustiça no espaço escolar e com base em dados recolhidos num trabalho etnográfico realizado em 6 escolas do Ensino Secundário geograficamente dispersas e com populações escolares socialmente contrastantes. Por outro lado, na análise dos juízos críticos manifestados pelos alunos, procura-se identificar igualmente possíveis clivagens segundo o género e origem social dos discentes.
In contemporary societies, adolescents' individuation is largely staged within the educational system, and is defined by several schooling options. This is particularly true when young people reach upper secondary education, as this transition implies the definition of a personal project. In the Portuguese context, authenticity is linked to the ‘obligation’ of choosing – by means of a compulsory vocational choice. To define a personal project that gives studies a meaning becomes a problem pupils have to deal with. Supported on empirical data based on in‐depth interviews to pupils attending 10th and 12th years of upper secondary education in Portuguese public schools, this article discusses some of these issues. Specially, we intend to explore pupils' obligation to exhibit their autonomy by choosing a school path with the awareness of risks that may emerge along with their options.
RESUMOAs hesitações na implementação das políticas e das ações públicas associadas à educação sexual em meio escolar, desnudam a sua natureza delicada e turbulenta. As exigências de ações coordenadas na escola para as concretizar acentuam a existência de zonas problemáticas entre o modo como professores e técnicos de saúde as concebem criativamente. As ilações analíticas das (des) coordenações atuantes decorrem de análises etnográficas baseadas em metodologias qualitativas. Com efeito, combinar saberes derivados da educação e da saúde, exaltam matizes de delicadeza dos conteúdos e formatos da educação sexual -sexualidade e sexo, corporeidade e corpo. O mesmo acontece com os problemas resultantes de fronteiras pouco nítidas entre domínios do íntimo e do público. Entre as modalidades de intervenção próxima ou distante, ou em suas composições mescladas, as ações em prol de educar em função de boas práticas sexuais, mostram formas de investir assentes em compromissos distintos. De outro lado, as formas investidas têm em consideração as maneiras como os alunos se envolvem e reagem em função da natureza destas ações. Como adolescentes e jovens as suas reações reforçam as nuances problemáticas nas artes de fazer o comum no plural na escola. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação sexual. Professores. Técnicos de saúde. Comum no plural. Lugares-comuns ABSTRACTThe hesitations in the implementation of public policies and actions associated with sex education in schools reveal its delicate and turbulent nature. The demands of coordinated actions in the school to achieve them accentuate the existence of problematic areas between the way teachers and health technicians creatively conceive them. The analytical conclusions drawn from the acting (dis)co-ordinations derive from ethnographic analyses based on qualitative methodologies. In fact, combining knowledge derived from education and health exalts delicate nuances of the contents and formats of sexual education -sexuality and sex, corporeity and body. The same is true with problems resulting from unclear boundaries between the domains of the intimate and the public. Among the modalities of proximate or distant intervention, or in their mixed compositions, actions to educate in terms of good sexual practices show forms of investing based on different compromises. On the other hand, the invested forms take into account the ways in which students engage and react according to the nature of these actions. As adolescents and young people, their reactions reinforce the problematic nuances in the arts of making the common in the plural within school.
Cet article est basé sur un projet de recherche mené entre octobre 2010 et 2012. Un problème central a guidé les travaux scientifiques effectué dans cinq écoles publiques portugaises et avec une population d’élèves de morphologie sociale contrastant : comment les expériences d’injustice, d’humiliation et de non-reconnaissance sont perçues par les élèves dans plusieurs contextes scolaires et son impact sur la construction de l’identité de genre des élèves. En analysant le sujet à partir de l’angle théorique-épistémologique de la sociologie pragmatique, l’accent est mis sur les capacités critiques que les acteurs mobilisent dans la situation, et à travers lequel leurs actions sont structurées. Les jugements rendus par les élèves (et aussi par les enseignants) avant des expériences humiliantes et les régimes d’action qui soutiennent ces jugements sont ainsi privilégiée.
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