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In view of the possibility that spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) may be used as agricultural materials to prevent crop diseases, we examined the effect of treatment with a hot water extract from the SMS of Lentinula edodes on plant resistance to pathogenic infection. The extract of Le. edodes SMS was sprayed onto the leaves of rice plants, followed by inoculation of the leaves with the conidia of rice blast fungus. The development of lesions was suppressed by treatment with the SMS extract. The extract markedly inhibited the germination of Pyricularia oryzae conidia. We purified compounds 1, 2, and 3, which showed inhibitory effects on conidial germination, from the Le. edodes SMS extract of by successive solvent extraction, column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that 1, 2, and 3 were phenolic acids with two carboxyl groups in common.

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Aims: In this study, volatile compounds released from mycelia of some aromatic mushrooms were investigated for their inhibitory activity against plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Methods and Results: A screening revealed that volatile compounds from mycelia of Porostereum spadiceum remarkably inhibited the colony formation of plant-pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Ralstonia solanacearum while also inhibiting the conidial germination of plant-pathogenic fungi including Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum orbiculare. The volatile compounds were isolated from the culture filtrate of P. spadiceum, and 3,4-dichloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (DCMB) was identified as a major compound. DCMB significantly inhibited bacterial colonization at 10 lg ml À1 and fungal conidial germination at 0Á1-1 lg ml À1 as a vapour. Conclusions: This is the first report on the production of the volatile compound DCMB by P. spadiceum and on the antimicrobial activity of DCMB against plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi at low concentrations. It may be possible to use the compound as an agent for protecting crops from bacterial and fungal diseases during cultivation and storage. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides an understanding of antimicrobial activity of the mushroom volatile compound that may be useful as a novel biological control agent for protecting various plant diseases.