Background: Kata is a series of moves competed in karate that require agility in its movements. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the validity and reliability of karate agility test in kata category. Method: This was a developmental research. The data were collected using the Delphi technique, involving 7 experts and test-retest. The participants were 20 karate aged at least 20 years old who have practiced karate for 6 years and have won regional competitions. This was to determine the test of empirical validity and reliability. The content validity was calculated using the Aiken formula, the empirical validity was calculated using Pearson Product Moment, while the reliability was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha. Results: The results showed that the karate agility test in kata category had high validity and reliability. The Aiken results were as follows: Item (1) size has fit the karate in kata category with a value of V 0.85; Item (2) distance between cones has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (3) equipment has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (4) number of test repetitions has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (5) test procedure has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (6) safe instrument has fit with a value of V 0.85; Item (7) agility has fit with a value of V 0.85; Item (8) score taking has fit with a value of V 0.80. The results of Pearson product moment r-table were 0.444, r-count (test 1) was 0.927, r-count (test 2) was 0.903, significance was 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the agility test can be used to measure the karate agility in kata category.

Background: Walking exercise is a physical activity that stimulates various components of physical fitness. Particularly in the elderly, it improves blood circulation, strengthens bones, lowers blood pressure and glucose. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of walking exercise on blood pressure and blood glucose in the elderly. Method: This research was experimental research that used a quantitative approach. Participants were elderly aged 60 years with a history of hypertension and high blood glucose. The samples in this study were 34 people who were determined based on a simple random sampling technique. The experimental group was given physical activity treatment for walking 3x a week with mild to moderate intensity for 60 minutes for three weeks. The control group did not participate in any treatment. The walking program took place outside on a 1 mile/1,609 meter track. Before beginning the exercise program, participants should warm up for 5-10 minutes with a leisurely walk. In this case, the participant’s mileage is 1 mile. The instrument used to measure blood pressure in this study was an aneroid sphygmomanometer, while a glucometer was used to measure blood glucose levels. Results: This study found that: Based on the Mann-Whitney test, it showed that there was a significant effect of walking exercise on decreasing systolic blood pressure (p 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (p 0.018), and reducing blood sugar (p 0.031). Conclusion: Walking exercise has a significant effect on blood pressure and blood glucose in the elderly.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of Up Hill and Down Hill exercises on increasing the 100 m run. The respondents of this study were 30 male athletes aged 16-17 years with a height of ±157.4 cm and a weight of ±56 kg. Samples were taken from extracurricular athletes who met the following criteria: they had been doing club training for 4-5 years, had done anatomical adaptation exercises before doing uphill and downhill exercises for 1 month, could carry out treatment for 16 meetings, and were in good health and not injured. Exclusion criteria are those that do not include requirements for inclusion. This research is an experimental study with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design as this research has a Pre-Test before being given treatment and a Post-Test after being given treatment. To test one's ability to run a 100 m sprint, one uses an instrument that measures one's ability to perform a 100 m sprint. An athletic track and a stopwatch are used as the tools in the 100-meter sprint ability test. The results showed that the average scores on the Pre-Test and Post-Test were ±11.80 and ±11.40, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of the T-Test Paired Sample, the results of the Pre-Test and Post-Test were found at a significance of p>0.05 so it can be concluded that there are no significant effects on Up Hill and Down Hill exercises on increasing the 100-meter run.

The primary objective of this research was to create a model of Buyung gymnastics in gross motor learning in early childhood. Methods: This study included 5 material experts and 2 nationally licensed gymnastics experts, 2 early childhood education teachers, and 1 doctoral lecturer with early childhood evaluation and learning expertise. This study also made use of several documents. Development research was used in this study. This study was divided into three stages: (1) qualitatively analyzing documents in the form of a review of relevant literature, then conducting field observations and interviews to rationalize the problem so that it can be used to create a gymnastic model; (2) The researchers developed a Si Buyung exercise model to improve gross motor skills in kindergarten students and created a questionnaire to be handed to experts as an instrument; (3) After the Si Buyung model was created, the researchers validated it with five experts using the Delphi technique. Result: The computation results revealed that the total content validity of each statement item is more than 0.79, indicating that all statement items meet the criteria. An average of 0.84 was attained overall. Conclusion: Based on Aiken's validity, the Si Buyung exercise model for improving gross motor skills in early childhood has a good score, indicating that the Si Buyung exercise model can be applied in early childhood.