This research examines Indonesian Islamic revivalist movements’ perspectives on the concepts of the nation-state and democracy. The Islamic revivalist movements studied in this research include Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), and Forum Umat Islam (FUI). Following the fall of the authoritarian Suharto’s regime in 1998, Indonesia witnessed an escalation of Islamic activism whose goals revolve around the implementation of Sharia (Islamic law) and, to a certain extent, the reestablishment of a caliphate (transnational Islamic state). To this end, revivalist movements have been staging frequent mass protests, mainly addressing Indonesian government policies that are deemed un-Islamic. Some of the protests have ended violently, which implies that their Sharia and Islamic state goals have become a source of conflict in Indonesian society. This research suggests that this violent activism stems from different versions of the concept of the nation-state and democracy, which disagree with broadly accepted definitions. This research was conducted against this backdrop to analyze each movements’ perspectives on the concept of nation-state and democracy and argues that, despite each movement advocating the implementation of Sharia, their understandings of the concepts of the nation-state and democracy differ.

Illegal logging is a part of crime against environment, which has a massive impact on the economy, social, cultural, and ecological. Ironically, majority of the illegal logging’s perpetrators are dominated by “the field criminal”. On the other side, intellectual actors who can control the activities never touch by the law. The money laundering concept can give a new approach to detect the leader actor. The author use follow the money viewpoint, which includes placement, layering, and integration. Qualitative data collection methods is used with in-depth interviews, systematic observation of the behavior, and document analysis. The result is a new paradigm in investigating illegal logging no longer focused on the field actors, but potentially tracking the intellectual actors behind illegal logging.

Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana pendefinisian penodaan agama oleh masyarakat mayoritas yang terjadi pada kasus pasal penodaan agama yang menjerat Meliana di Tanjung Balai sesuai dengan perspektif Teori Konflik milik Richard Quinney. Beberapa produk hukum di Indonesia masih memberikan kelompok mayoritas kekuatan untuk mengopresi hak-hak minoritas, salah satunya adalah Pasal Penodaan Agama. Padahal, hak atas kebebasan berekspresi merupakan salah satu hak konstitusional yang sudah diatur dalam UUD 1945. Lalu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan studi literatur sebagai metode pengumpulan data primernya. Setelah melakukan penelitian, temuan yang dihasilkan adalah tuduhan penodaan agama pada Meliana didefinisikan oleh masyarakat yang menganut agama mayoritas di Tanjung Balai, yaitu umat Islam yang mengalami religious insult. Mereka memiliki kewenangan untuk melaporkan Meliana kepada pihak berwajib karena hukum sudah mengakomodasi pelaporan untuk tindakan tersebut lewat Pasal 156a KUHP. Pasal tersebut memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat mayoritas yang memiliki kekuatan untuk memenjarakan Meliana karena maksud dari mengandung sifat permusuhan adalah isi pernyataan yang Meliana sampaikan dinilai oleh penganut agama yang bersangkutan sebagai memusuhi agamanya.

In this study, the author discusses the case of hate speech on Instagram social media using four sources whose identities are kept secret. This hate speech originated from sources who did not like the nature or physical characteristics of certain public figures such as Kekeyi, Young Lex, and Nissa Sabyan. These public figures become hate speech target on social media, especially at Instagram. Otherwise, they still famous and have a lot of fans and many haters. There are external and internal factors that encourage sources to utter hate speech. The theory used is the neutralization technique popularized by Sykes and Matza who say that violators can ignore moral and social sanctions to commit criminal acts. Origins of the theory roots form delinquency, but in this paper we use it on cyber hate. Offenders, as an individual who subscribes generally to the morals of cyber society but who is able to justify his own delinquent behaviour through a process that we called “neutralization”. The method used by the researcher is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained from this study are that there are neutralization techniques used by the resource persons such as denial of responsibility, denial of victim, denial of injury, appeals to higher loyalties and condemnation of the condemners.

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