By definition, a teacher is a person who engages in teaching and learning pedagogical activities whether within a university, college, school or outside the Area in a sporting or recreational manner. Educators of these public and private schools, whether as public servants or private employees, they are subject to state laws and legislation relating to education. They are also indirectly constantly monitored on a regular basis by education authorities, the government and the general public on their professional conduct. There has been some mainstream media coverage and court decisions reporting cases of educator misconduct and educational malpractice made by parents and students against educators or education administrators for offenses, among others, involving incompetence in teaching, questionable assessments, careless supervision, the commission of criminal offenses and injustice with students. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge of prospective teachers about the legal aspects in Education, especially related to outdoor activities. Keywords: Teacher, Knowledge, Law, Outdoor activities.

This research conducted to identify the perception of lack of energy towards the new hikers at Gunung Ledang, Johor National Park. The data collected using qualitative method via semi structured interviews towards the 3 certified hiking guides that delivering their guiding services to the top hill of the Gunung Ledang. 3 certified guides as the main source of data in this data collection process. Findings shown that the instant energy foods are very important in supplying the energy after energy highly used in the hiking activity at the challenging and risky areas of the hiking trail. Therefore, it is important for the new hikers to bring the foods that provide the energy while participating in adventure recreation sport activities for better hiking experience and to prevent the lack of energy issue during enjoying the hiking activities at the challenging mountain.

The implementation of a pilot study usually related to the validity and reliability of the instrument. Thus, the main purpose of this pilot study is to validate and test the reliability of the Hiking Preparedness Questionnaire which will be used as an instrument in the Need Analysis Phase in Design and Development Research (DDR) of HiPrep-My Model. This instrument consisted an adapted questionnaire from other researcher and has been modified to meet the need of Hiking Preparedness Model in Malaysia (HiPrep-My). This pilot study was implemented based on determined procedure and follow the standard of instrumentation. It involves three basic stages: pre-pilot study, during-pilot study and post-pilot study. At the first stage, all picked items of questionnaires that have been taken from other researchers went through the back-to-back translation procedure. Additional questions were added also in this stage. At the second stage, the modified questionnaire have been pilot tested among 30 hikers, (n=30) to get the validity and reliability of the items. At the final stage, the reliability evaluation of overall items was determined by the value of Cronbach’s alpha. Hence, the instrument has obtained a validity and reliability when overall items of the questionnaire shown an alpha value of .707 (α=0.707). As a results, this pilot study accomplished and the instrument can be used in the main study as a first phase of developing the HiPrep-My Model.

Adult recreation is a healthy and popular physical activity. Risk exposure is closely related to the involvement of recreation activities, but it is important to prioritize protecting oneself against potential risks during activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of awareness of risk management practices during the zipline recreation activities in the Teacher Building (BIG) program. The survey was conducted through a quantitative method using questionnaire form as a study tool towards 52 selected BIG program participants at Raub recreational camp, Pahang. The recreational safety climate survey (Cheng 2016) was adapted to contain four situations of risk management practice, namely responsibility, equipment, adjustment, and practice used. Statistical analysis of t-test inference is used to explain and test the hypotheses put forward in this study. The results of the study indicate that awareness of the practice of risk management by teacher trainees is at a high level. The awareness of the highest risk management practice is the aspect of responsibility given by the coach followed by the training practice, equipment and the lowest is adjustment. The results of the t-test indicate that there is a significant difference in awareness of risk management practices between male and female trainees. The implication of this study is that managers or recreational coaches need to take into account the various aspects of risk aversion in planning the "zipline" recreational activities. High levels of risk awareness can help trainees to enjoy outdoor activities as well as gain an optimum experience. Abstrak Aktiviti rekreasi lasak merupakan aktiviti sihat dan merupakan aktiviti fizikal yang popular.  Pendedahan terhadap risiko sangat berkait rapat dalam penglibatan aktiviti rekreasi lasak, namun adalah sangat penting untuk memberikan keutamaan untuk melindungi diri daripada potensi risiko semasa menjalankan aktiviti. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti tahap kesedaran terhadap amalan pengurusan risiko semasa aktiviti rekreasi “zipline” dalam program Bina Insan Guru (BIG). Kajian tinjauan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengguna pakai borang kaji soal selidik sebagai alat kajian kepada 52 orang peserta program BIG terpilih kem rekreasi Raub, Pahang. Soal selidik iklim keselamatan rekreasi (Cheng 2016) diadaptasi mengandungi empat situasi amalan pengurusan risiko, iaitu tanggungjawab, peralatan, kebolehsuaian, dan latihan yang digunakan. Analisis statistik inferensi ujian-t digunakan bagi menjelaskan dan menguji hipotesis yang dikemukakan dalam kajian ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesedaran terhadap amalan pengurusan risiko oleh pelatih guru berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Kesedran terhadap amalan pengurusan risiko yang tertinggi ialah aspek tanggungjawab yang diberikan oleh jurulatih diikuti amalan latihan, alatan dan yang terendah adalah kebolehsuaian. Hasil dapatan ujian-t menunjukkan terdapatnya perbezaan yang signifikan kesedaran terhadap amalan pengrusan risiko antara guru pelatih lelaki dan guru pelatih perempuan. Implikasi kajian ialah pengurus atau jurulatih rekreasi perlu mengambil kira aspek kepelbagaian bahaya risiko dalam merancang aktiviti rekreasi “zipline”. Tahap kesedaran risiko yang tinggi dapat membantu peserta mendapat kepuasan aktiviti luar disamping mendapatkan pengalaman yang lebih optimum.

National parks are significant ecotourism destinations providing various nature attractions in a form of biological, physical and/or historical resources. However, risk issues associated with recreational activities in national parks are becoming more pertinent and crucial as safety and threats to humans and wildlife can occur. This study was conducted to identify the risks for human and wildlife for visitors at tropical rainforests, marine parks, and coastal mangroves of Johor National Park. It is a qualitative study and data was collected through semi structured interviews with the National Park Managers, Former National Park Managers, and Instructors of Johor National Park. The study found that snakebite is the main concern for tropical rainforest and coastal mangroves category of national parks while hazardous marine species are the main risk for marine parks. The findings have shown that the risk of human and wildlife conflicts exist at all these three categories of national parks. Visitors’ negligence with the existence of dangerous wildlife may cause serious injury if no preventive measures are taken. The risk of human and wildlife conflict should be managed smartly to reduce the risks and ensure the sustainable development of the national parks.