RESUMEN Objetivo Describir las competencias para equipos de atención primaria en salud (APS) en distintos tópicos vinculados a la atención directa del usuario y a la gestión de los centros de salud primarios, de acuerdo a la percepción de expertos chilenos en APS. Métodos Estudio de diseño mixto. Se realizó un Delphi electrónico con 29 expertos nacionales en APS. Resultados Se propone una matriz de competencias específicas vinculada al trabajo directo con familias y a la gestión del centro de salud priorizados en tres niveles. Los expertos concuerdan que se requiere una masa crítica de profesionales que cuenten con competencias que le conciernen a la APS. Conclusiones El reto de reorganizar los sistemas de salud en torno a una APS fuerte y de calidad solo puede lograrse con la participación de profesionales que comprendan y practiquen los atributos y principios fundamentales de la APS. Los resultados de este estudio dan cuenta de un perfil de competencias para profesionales de APS alineado con recomendaciones internacionales alcanzable a través de estrategias de educación continua.
Para citar el artículo. Soto, M., Couso, D., López, V. y Hernández, M.I. (2017). Promoviendo la apropiación del modelo de energía en estudiantes de 4.º de ESO a través del diseño didáctico. Ápice. Revista Presentamos una investigación sobre la apropiación del modelo de energía por parte de estudiantes de 4º de ESO que participan de un taller experimental centrado en la modelización (ideas de transferencia, conservación y degradación de la energía), identificando los grados de sofisticación en el uso del modelo y las fronteras conceptuales que superan, y usando este análisis para orientar el refinamiento iterativo del diseño del taller (perspectiva de diseño basado en la investigación). Encontramos que la mayoría de estudiantes pasan de explicar los fenómenos en términos de transformación de energía a hacerlo en términos de transferencia, y que el grado de sofisticación de sus explicaciones es substancialmente mayor después de refinar el taller. En particular, se muestran especialmente eficientes los constructos didácticos gráficos/lingüísticos que proporcionan andamiaje en la mirada a los fenómenos des del modelo de energía.Palabras clave: energía, investigación basada en el diseño (DBR), modelos conceptuales, modelización, progresión de aprendizaje. Promoting 4th ESO students' appropriation of energy model through the didactic designWe present a research about the appropriation of the model of energy by 4th ESO students that participate in a modeling labwork-based workshop dealing with the ideas of energy transfer, conservation and degradation, identifying different degrees of sophistication in the use of the model of energy by students and some conceptual boundaries necessary to be crossed. We use this analysis to iteratively refine the workshop (Design-based research perspective). We find that most of students move from an energy transformation-based explanation to an energy transferbased explanation, and this improvement is substantially bigger after introducing several didactic changes in the teaching and learning proposal. In particular, graphical/linguistic didactic artifacts that scaffold students' way of looking at phenomena from the model of energy perspective show especially efficient.
The scavenging activity of diclofenac was estimated by its capability to bleach ABTS radical cation, and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) methodology. In addition, GC-MS technique was used to establish if the lactamic derivative of diclofenac was formed as final product in the interaction with peroxyl radicals. Diclofenac bleached ABTS radical cation in a concentration-dependent way. In ORAC assays, diclofenac inhibited the consumption of fluorescein and c-phycocyanin mediated by peroxyl radicals. An ORAC-fluorescein, and ORAC-c-phycocyanin value of 0.3, and 0.004 was estimated, respectively. From the downcurvature observed in Stern-Volmer-like plots, we postulated that the low protection of c-phycocyanin is related to secondary damage of c-phycocyanin by the secondary radical of diclofenac. By GC-MS studies only a 2,6-dichloroaniline derivative was detected as product after the reaction with peroxyl radicals.
In this document, we will present the results of an investigation carried out in initial teacher education for pre-service secondary school Physics and Mathematics teachers in Chile. A Teaching and Learning Sequence (TLS) was iteratively designed following a Design-based research approach and implemented to promote the construction of an adequate School Scientific Model (SSM) of energy. This SSM is based on the well-known work on energy related concepts in physics education, including the ideas of energy degradation, conservation and transference. The methodology followed in the TLS is based on modeling and model-based inquiry. Subsequently, we have analyzed pre-service teachers’ qualitative productions to identify which model of energy they master at both the beginning and the end of the program. This allowed us to get hints of a learning progression in this field.
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