In early childhood, oral language should be enhanced due to its importance in social relations and learning, and it is notorious that children often grow up with difficulties in their orality due to poor stimulation at home or in schools. This is an essential factor in favoring linguistic competence. The objective of the present study was to determine the skills that influence oral language development in children aged 4 to 5 years for communication through the application and analysis of surveys. The methodological approach is qualitative and quantitative, using documentary and descriptive research through text analysis. Likewise, in the province of Santa Elena, a survey directed to 15 early education teachers and an interview with an institution’s director in charge of the mentioned level were used. From the data collected, results point to an integration of skills in acquiring linguistic signs and manifesting thoughts and emotions; therefore, their application is essential. On the other hand, it was determined that the teachers, when defining the concept of skills, relate it to related terms such as abilities and competencies. Therefore, it is concluded that all skills influence oral language development, so they must be expressed in the lesson plans.
El presente artículo constituye un análisis y reflexión de los horizontes epistemológicos que forman parte de las actuales tendencias de la ciencia de la era digital del Siglo XXI, con los cuales se pretende fundamentar teóricamente el currículo de la Carrera de Ciencias de la Educación Básica de la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena. Estos horizontes epistemológicos son los relacionados con la teoría del enfoque de sistemas de Von Bertalanffy, el pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morín, la ecología de saberes de Boaventura de Sousa, la pedagogía social, la pedagogía crítica de Paulo Freire, el Conectivismo de George Siemens, el aprendizaje invisible de Cobo y Moravec; y las teorías de neuroaprendizaje. Estas reflexiones se insertan en las orientaciones proporcionadas por el Consejo de Educación Superior (CES), las cuales están interrelacionadas con los sujetos que aprenden (estudiantes y profesores), los contextos, los escenarios o ambientes y con los conocimientos y los saberes. El currículo elaborado responderá a la pertinencia de la sociedad ecuatoriana, al desarrollo de las competencias y del pensamiento práctico de los estudiantes, pero sobre todo, a la interrelación teoría-práctica de la enseñanza en la formación de los futuros docentes. Palabras claves: Horizontes epistemológicos, currículo, Educación Básica. Abstract This article is an analysis and discussion of the epistemological horizons, the current science trends in the digital age of the twenty-first century, intended to theoretically substantiate the curriculum of the School of Basic Education Science at Peninsula of Santa Elena State University. These epistemological horizons are related to Von Bertalanffy’s General Systems Theory, Edgar Morin’s Complexity Thinking, DeSousa’s Ecology of Knowledge, Social Pedagogy, Paulo Freire’s Critical Pdagogy, George Siemens’s Connectivism, Cobo and Moravec’s Invisible Learning, and the Neuro Learning theories. These reflections are part of the guidelines provided by the Higher Education Council (CES). They are linked to learners (students and teachers), contexts, scenarios or environments, and knowledge and knowing. The curriculum developed will respond to the relevance of Ecuadorian society, to the development of competencies and practical thinking skills, but especially the interrelationship between theory and practice of teaching in the training of future teachers. Keywords: Epistemological Horizons, curriculum, Basic Education. Recibido: septiembre de 2014Aprobado: noviembre de 2014
En esta investigación se analiza la importancia del trabajo autónomo (T.A) como factor determinante del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en el aula de clases. El estudio se sitúa en la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Carrera de Educación Básica, período 2012-2013. Se ha utilizado la observación y descripción para evaluar las características académicas de los estudiantes; la encuesta a 143 miembros del cuerpo académico, permite concluir que para mejorar la calidad educativa se requiere contar con estrategias para el logro del aprendizaje autorregulado, revelando además, que en su mayoría, los educandos no organizan de manera adecuada sus actividades académicas. Entre los factores que afectan este sistema se pueden identificar costumbres y actitudes predominantes ante la modalidad de T. A. De igual manera se concluye con la implementación de una guía académica para desarrollar un aprendizaje de calidad, donde se insertan, estrategias, técnicas y bitácoras, que faciliten el proceso de apropiación y optimización del conocimiento. Palabras clave: Trabajo Autónomo, Educación Básica, Guía Académica. ABSTRACT This research examines the importance of autonomous work as a determinant of teaching-learning process in the classroom. The study was conducted at the State University of Santa Elena Peninsula, Faculty of Education Basic Education Career, during the years 2012 and 2013. The academic performance of the students has been assessed using observation and description. A survey conducted to 143 faculty members reveals that in order to improve the quality of education, self-regulated strategies should be implemented. Additionally, the findings suggest that the majority of learners do not properly organize their academic activities. Factors that affect this system can be identified as predominant forms of study habits and the students’ attitudes toward autonomous work. Similarly, it can be concluded that the implementation of an academic guide might improve the quality of learning. Such academic guide could include strategies, techniques and blogs that help to optimize the process of gaining knowledge. Key words: Autonomous work, Basic Education, Academic Guide. Recibido: noviembre 2014Aprobado: enero 2015
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