Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar yang berasal dari biomassa. Biomassa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sekam padi dan kulit biji jarak pagar dengan pemakaian perekat 5% dari berat arang. Briket arang adalah arang yang diolah lebih lanjut menjadi bentuk briket yang dapat digunakan untuk keperluan energi sehari-hari. Briket yang terbuat dari kulit biji jarak pagar lebih tinggi di dalam kerapatan dan keteguhan tekan, tetapi lebih rendah di dalam kadar air, karbon terikat dan nilai kalor. Sedangkan briket yang terbuat dari sekam padi memiliki nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi dan mudah terbakar, tetapi lebih rendah di dalam kerapatan dan keteguhan tekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan tingkat perbandingan komposisi arang sekam padi dengan arang kulit biji jarak pagar terhadap mutu briket arang yang dihasilkan dan mendapatkan komposisi terbaik dalam pembuatan briket arang berdasarkan SNI 01-6235-2000 briket arang kayu. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, dengan perlakuan tingkat perbandingan komposisi arang kulit biji jarak pagar dengan arang sekam padi sebanyak 30%:70%, 25%:75%, 20%:80%, dan 15%:85%. Masing-masing produk tersebut kemudian dilakukan analisa kimia dan fisik. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji F kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komposisi bahan pembuat briket arang memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kualitas nilai kalor, volatile matter, fixed carbon, kerapatan dan kekuatan tekan serta laju pembakaran. Rata-rata nilai kadar abu, kualitas nilai kalor, volatile matter dan kerapatan belum memenuhi SNI 01-6235-2000 briket arang kayu. Sedangkan ratarata nilai kadar air, fixed carbon, kekuatan tekan memenuhi SNI 01-6235-2000 briket arang kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa briket arang yang terbaik adalah pada perlakuan 30%:70% dengan nilai kalor 3906,27 kal/gram.
The development of small-scale food industry cluster is influenced by the technology component. Because it required accurate information about the importance of existing technology components. This study aims to evaluate the technology components that are known several important factors that need to be improved so that clusters of small-scale food industries can thrive. This research using the program Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the level of importance of each variable based on its value. The survey results revealed that each technology component has a value as follows: technoware component of the operation of the order is a factor (0.2889), quality of raw materials (0.2770), improvement of production efficiency (0.1894), the fulfillment of production capacity (0.1717), technology adoption (0.0489) and resource technologies (0.0242). Components of the order value is organoware environmental management factor (0.6267), marketing management (0.2797) and production management (0.0936). Components infoware order value is a factor of production records (0.6267), the promotion of products (0.2797) and documentation effort (0.0936). Humanware component order is the motivation factor (0.5022), the trust fellow members (0.1883), knowledge manager (0.1854), the management skills (0.0817) and innovation (0, 0425).
Rendang is a traditional Minangkabau food. Rendang is generally made of meat, coconut milk and seasoning. Generally rendang semi-wet, but now it has been modified into a dry rendang. Dry rendang widely produced at Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province. This research was conducted in July to August 2013 at Company " Rendang Erika " Payakumbuh. Research purposes is plotting the maximum profit and optimum production quantities with minimal use of resources. Processing data using the program LINDO (Linear Interactive Discrete Optimizer). The results of the study on the optimum conditions obtained maximum profit of Rp 84,049,360,- per month. The use of herbs and spices and coconut milk have been optimum.Keywords : Optimization, Rendang, LindoAbstrakRendang merupakan makanan tradisional Minangkabau. Rendang umumnya dibuat dari daging, santan dan bumbu. Umumnya rendang berbentuk semi basah, tetapi sekarang sudah dimodifikasi menjadi rendang kering. Rendang kering banyak diproduksi di Payakumbuh Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus2013 di Perusahaan "Rendang Erika" Payakumbuh. Tujuan penelitian untuk merencanakan keuntungan maksimum dan jumlah produksi optimum, dengan mempergunakan sumberdaya seminimal mungkin. Pengolahan data menggunakan program LINDO (Linear Interactive Discrete Optimizer). Hasil penelitian pada kondisi optimum didapatkan keuntungan maksimum Rp 84.049.360,- per bulan. Pemakaian bumbu dan rempah serta santan kelapa sudah optimum.Kata Kunci : Optimasi, Rendang, Lindo
Clusters of small-scale food industries have different characteristics with industrial cluster in general. These characteristics need to know to develop a plan for cluster development. This study was conducted to determine characteristics clusters of small-scale food industry, especially in West Sumatra. For the analysis of the components of industrial and technological components that affect the development of small-scale food industry cluster in West Sumatra. All variables influence the level of industrial components and technology components were analysed using the program "Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)". The survey results revealed that the industrial component is influenced by the core industry (level of difficulty in capital gain and raw materials), the buyer (customer satisfaction), related industry (quality and continuity of supply of packaging) and institutional support (coaching on marketing and capitalization as well as guidance on the production of sanitary and food safety). Component technology is influenced by organoware (production management and marketing management) and human ware (innovation and trust among the members).
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