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-Introduction. Indigenous to Brazil, the cashew tree is present in many countries of the intertropical area. This work is a summing up of the economic interests and the different uses of such a widespread tree. The cashew tree. Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiacea) is a rather resistant species, especially resistant to the dry periods, which makes it a tree welladapted to many tropical areas. In spite of its tolerance to parasitic attack, it can be susceptible to several insects and some fungi attacks. The average yields obtained for nuts are approximately 600 kg × ha -1 × year -1 and they are likely to be improved thanks to the varietal choice. The cashew nut. Biologically, it is the real fruit of the plant. The almond has a high content of lipids and has got approximately 20% of proteins. In 1999, the main world producers, each with a production higher than 100,000 t, were India, Nigeria, Brazil and Tanzania. After the crushing of the hull and the pruning process, this product is generally exported. The cashew apple. With maturity, the hypertrophied stalk of the nut turns into a sweet, fleshy and juicy fruit. It is remarkable for its astringency and its high vitamin C content (200-300 mg × 100 g -1 ). The cashew apple is used rather little except in India and in Brazil, as fruit juice for example. Other productions of the cashew tree. The cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a rather original secondary production: extracted from the hulls of nuts, this corrosive liquid rich in phenolic compounds is used in the chemical industry. Conclusion. Cashew farming with its diversity of products seems to be able to constitute an interesting source of incomes for the dry tropical areas, especially with the nut which is well integrated into the international markets. Nevertheless, the apple requires better development in many places because it is presently a by-product of the cashew nut with a strong potential. Anacardium occidentale L. / cashew / chemical composition / processing / commodity markets / world markets / uses / fruit juices / tanninsLes produits de l'anacardier : caractéristiques, voies de valorisation et marchés.Résumé -Introduction. Originaire du Brésil, l'anacardier est largement présent dans la zone intertropicale. Une synthèse sur les intérêts économiques et les différentes voies de valorisations des produits de cet arbre a été effectuée. L'anacardier. De part sa résistance, notamment aux périodes de sécheresse, l'espèce Anacardium occidentale (anacardiacée) est adaptée à de nombreuses zones tropicales. Malgré sa tolérance aux attaques parasitaires, elle peut être sensible à certains insectes et attaques fongiques comme l'oïdium. Les rendements moyens obtenus pour la noix sont d'environ 600 kg × ha -1 × an -1 ; ils sont susceptibles d'être améliorés grâce à la sélection variétale. La noix de cajou. Elle est le fruit de l'anacardier au sens botanique du terme. L'amande est riche en lipides et contient environ 20 % de protéines. En 1999, les principaux producteurs mondiaux de noix de cajou ont été l...

Husk tomato (Physalis pubescens L.) is one of the important 100 species in the Physalis genus of the Solanaceae family. Among unexploited tropical fruits, Physalis is a very promising fruit. Physalis is included in the priority list of many governments' horticulture and fruit export plans. It is relatively unknown in importing markets and remains an exotic fruit. The important step toward developing Physalis as a commercial crop was maximizing its technological applications. The objective of our study was to prepare a new processed pasteurized Physalis juice and to study the effects of storage and packaging on its nutritional properties. The pulp was yellowish or orange with a yield of 64%. The fresh juice had a light sweet and acidic taste (pH 3.5). The titratable acidity was 1.43%, polyphenols 76.6mg/100mL and vitamin C 38.8mg/100mL. Physalis juice was rich in carotenoids (70µg/mL). The nutritional and bio-physical characteristics of Physalis juice packaged in glass bottles and flexible laminated packs during storage under refrigeration (5±1°C, 85-90%RH) for 6 months were studied. Carotenoids, polyphenolic substances and ascorbic acid contents were gradually reduced throughout cold storage, where this reduction was more pronounced in juice packaged in flexible laminated packs. A slight increase in total acidity was observed with cold storage prolongation, especially in juice packaged in flexible laminated packs. Significant differences in color were found between the same juice packaged either in glass bottles or in flexible laminated packs, where the juice color was darker in flexible laminated packs. It could be noticed that, there was no migration of Na ions from glass bottles to processed juice formulas during the cold storage period. In flexible laminated packs, a slight increase of Al ions throughout the cold storage period but not exceeding the safety limit of Al daily intake (3.5mg/day). It was concluded that Physalis juice packaged in glass bottles had higher storage stability than that packaged in flexible laminated packs.

Identification and comparison of volatile components of fruits of eight Moroccan date varieties.Abstract --Introduction. The identification of the volatile components of dates makes it possible to assess their organoleptic quality. This information is of technological interest to the agro-industrialists for processing dates and producing flavour extracts from low quality varieties, thereby increasing their commercial value. Our study aimed to identify the volatile components responsible for the flavour of eight varieties of Moroccan dates. A statistical classification of the varieties, based on their aromatic profiles, and a comparison with the results of previous work on the date flavour components were also carried out. Materials and methods. The volatile components were extracted by the dynamic headspace method and microwave desorption, and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were analysed by simple correspondence analysis and hierarchic classification. Results and discussion. Forty-seven components were identified, of which 23 have not been found before in dates. Five components were found in all the varieties: 2,3-pentanedione, 2-methyl-butanal, hexanal, n-pentanol and limonene, while some varieties presented specific compounds. For instance, the Aziza variety was distinguished from the others by the presence of cyclobutanol, p-cymene and 1,3-dimethyl-benzene. Cyclopentadecadien-1-one, ethanol and geraniol were identified in the varieties Najda, Mejhoul and Boufeggous, respectively. The Bouskri and Iklane varieties were characterised by highly similar volatile profiles. Conclusion. Differences in the aromatic profiles of eight Moroccan date varieties were determined and the specific volatile components identified.Morocco / Phoenix dactylifera / varieties / fruits / volatile compounds / aroma (organoleptic property) Identification et comparaison des composés volatils des fruits de huit variétés de dattes marocaines.Résumé --Introduction. L'identification des composés d'arôme des dattes permet d'apprécier leur qualité organoleptique ; elle revêt en outre un intérêt technologique en guidant les industriels dans certains processus de transformation du fruit et de production d'extraits d'arômes à partir des variétés de faible qualité, augmentant ainsi leur valeur marchande. Notre étude a eu pour objectif d'identifier des composés volatils responsables de l'arôme de huit variétés de dattes marocaines. Une classification statistique des variétés étudiées, basée sur leurs profils aromatiques, et une comparaison avec les résultats de travaux antérieurs effectués sur les composés d'arôme des dattes ont été également réalisées. Matériel et méthodes. Les composés volatils ont été analysés par la technique de piégeage dynamique de l'espace de tête et par désorption au micro-onde, puis ils ont été conjointement identifiés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse. L'étude statistique des données a été réalisée par analyse factorielle des correspondances et par classification hié...

Physicochemical characterisation of the mature-green Golden apple (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat). Abstract-Introduction. Mature-green Golden apples (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat) are used in the French West Indies for the preparation of a nectar. With the aim of improving the fruit processing conditions for a better quality of this beverage, morphological and compositional characteristics of the mature-green fruits were determined. Materials and methods. Maturegreen fruits were harvested in Martinique (French West Indies) and characterised: diameter, length, mass, and colour were determined; pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, sugars, proteins, starch, fibre, vitamin C, phenols and green pigments were measured. Results and discussion. Average fruit length, diameter and weight were 71 mm, 54 mm and 116.4 g, respectively. With a low pH (2.6) and a high titratable acidity (1.3 g citric acid Eq•100 g-1 fresh material), maturegreen Golden apple is an acidic fruit comparable to the lemon. The fruit is rich in vitamin C (52.0 mg•100 g-1), phenols (349.5 mg gallic acid Eq•100 g-1) and starch (7.1 g•100 g-1). The pale green colour of the pulp is due to pheophytins a and b. Conclusion. Our study provided a detailed analysis of mature-green Golden apples, which will be taken into account for the improvement of nectar processing conditions. France / Guadeloupe / Spondias cytherea / Anacardiaceae / fruits / chemical composition / ascorbic acid / starch / phenols / chlorophylls / phaeophytins Caractérisation physico-chimique de la prune de Cythère mature verte (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat). Résumé-Introduction. La prune de Cythère verte mature (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat) est utilisée aux Antilles françaises pour la préparation d'un nectar. Les caractéristiques morphologiques et la composition de ce fruit ont été déterminées avec l'objectif d'améliorer à terme ses conditions de transformation pour une meilleure qualité de la boisson obtenue. Matériel et méthodes. Des fruits verts matures ont été récoltés en Martinique (Antilles françaises) et caractérisés : le diamètre, la longueur, le poids et la couleur ont été déterminés ; le pH, l'acidité titrable, les solides solubles, les sucres, les protéines, l'amidon, les fibres, la vitamine C, les phénols et les pigments verts ont été mesurés. Résultats et discussion. Les longueur, diamètre et poid moyen des fruits sont respectivement de 71 mm, 54 mm et 116,4 g. Avec un pH faible (2,6) et une acidité titrable élevée (1,3 g Eq acide citrique•100 g-1 matière fraîche), la prune de Cythère verte est un fruit acide comparable au citron. Le fruit est riche en vitamine C (52,0 mg•100 g-1), en phénols (349,5 mg Eq acide gallique•100 g-1) et en amidon (7,1 g•100 g-1). La couleur vert pâle de la pulpe industrielle est due aux phéophytines a et b. Conclusion. Notre étude a fourni une analyse détaillée de prunes de Cythère vertes matures qui sera prise en compte pour améliorer les conditions de leur transformation en nectar.