Escherichia coli was the prevailing bacterial infections among those which were isolated from patients with UTI. Certain forms of bacterial infections inclined to be extra common in diabetic patients than others and other infections may be more severe in people with diabetics than in non diabetics.

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The aims of this study are to synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the culture supernatant of the fungal strain Tritirachium oryzae W5H and to investigate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs individually and in combination with some antibiotics and essential oil of the plant Centaurea damascena. The colour of the filtrate with silver nitrate solution changed to intense brown after 72 h of incubation. The UV-Vis is spectrum shows a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of AgNPs at 425 nm. For confirmation of the presence of AgNPs in the solution, analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image, scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph and SEM-EDS were recorded. The current study showed that AgNPs possess broad spectrum activity with inhibition zone ranged from 12 nm to 22 mm. Notable synergy was seen between AgNPs and either vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol or tetracycline, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a 2.4-fold to 9-fold, increase in fold area of inhibition (IFA). Similarly, AgNPs with gentamicin, tetracycline, ampicillin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. epidermidis had a synergy of 1-fold to 10-folds. In addition, synergy was observed between AgNPs, essential oil (EO) of C. damascena and either amoxicillin, ampicillin, trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin against S. epidermidis by 0.7-fold to 3.7-fold and with trimethoprim against P. aeruginosa, increased the IFA by 1.3-fold. Gentamicin led to the greater enhancement in the IFA up to 9-folds. Moreover, effective synergy was seen between EO of C. damascena and either gentamicin or amoxicillin against E. coli by 11.3-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively, whereas amoxicillin against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis by 11.25-fold and 1.8-fold IFA, respectively. The results of this study may lead to the new concepts of antibacterial agents that could contain nanoparticles (NPs) or containing new substances that are likely to have extensive synergy of antibiotics with NPs and essential oils for medicinal plants.

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Enterobacter cloacae was originally isolated from soil irrigated with wastewater on the basis of its ability to grow with linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) as the sole source for carbon and energy. The isolated bacterium was grown in batch cultures using a 2-chlorobenzoic acid (2-CBA)-containing minimal salt medium (MSM). 2-CBA was found to be the sole source for carbon and energy. 2-CBA inhibited the growth rate with a maximum concentration of 10 mM, after which no growth occurred. The Haldane model was used to predict the specific growth rate concentration data. 2-CBA degradation by starved E. cloaca cells was faster than that of nonstarved cells. The maximum growth rates on 2-CBA (2 mM) for starved and nonstarved cells reached only 0.34 and 0.28 h ¡1 , respectively. Glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, succinic acid, and mannitol as additional carbon sources at a fixed concentration (0.2%) caused the degradation rate of 2-CBA to proceed faster at ranges between 1.08-and 1.5-fold higher than that of the control. In contrast, using only fructose and sorbitol as the carbon sources showed catabolic repression of the degradation activity of 2-CBA by E. cloaca cells, although their cell mass was improved. All nitrogen sources supplied caused an increase in cell mass, whereas only lysine, alanine, glutamine, casein, and yeast extract caused a decrease in the degradation rate of 2-CBA, with a range between 12% and 28%. The activity of C120 could be detected in a crude extract of E. cloacae cells, indicating that the chloroaromatic ring fission occurs through the ortho pathways, not through the meta pathways. The data showed that different initial cell (inocula) densities did not affect the induction time for 2-CBA degradation. However, doubling the initial cell densities reduced the time required for reaching the complete degradation. 2-CBA degradation was optimally achieved at a 37 C incubation temperature and a pH of 7.5.