Abstract:Background: Complete blood counts are done to monitor overall health, to screen for some diseases, to confirm a diagnosis of some medical conditions, to monitor a medical condition, and to monitor changes in the body caused by medical treatments. Most blood counts today include a CBC count and leukocyte differential count (LDC) (that is, not just the total WBC count but also the count of each WBC type, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). More sophisticated modern analyzers can provide extended differential counts. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of Storage and Temperature (4C) on Complete Blood Count Parameters. Materials and Methods: This were cross sectional study conducted in Khartoum state in 2016. It included 100 samples, complete blood count conducted to all 100 samples freshly, after 24hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Mindary BC-2800 hematological analyzer was used to estimate CBC. Results: There was a significant difference in Hematocrit, mean cell volume, MCHC, red cell distribution width, Lymphocytes, granulocyte %, and platelets indices (P less than 0.05). Lymphocytes count, Mixed count, Lymphocytes %, Mixed % and PCT did not show statistically difference ant it were insignificant with P. values (P=0.067), (P=0.080), (P=0.072), (P=0.088) and (P=0.060) respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that storage caused significant difference in Hematocrit, mean cell volume, MCHC, red cell distribution width, Lymphocytes, granulocyte %, and platelets indices (P less than 0.05).

Over the past few years, research has suggested a link between valproate sodium (VPA) therapy and weight gain. This systematic review investigates the association between obesity and VPA treatment in epilepsy patients. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley, and Cochrane Library were used to perform a systematic literature search. Study articles were screened by title and abstract using Rayyan QCRI then a full-text assessment was implemented. A total of nine studies with 416 patients were included. Valproate-treated adult patients for epilepsy experience weight gain up to obesity while undergoing treatment. Studies investigating the pediatric population reported that obesity in children receiving VPA is widespread. Treatment with VPA is associated with significant weight gain and related metabolic disorders in adults and children with epilepsy. Leptin and insulin resistance are suggested as the primary mechanisms underlying weight gain with VPA, despite the need for extensive research into the mechanisms underlying their development in patients taking the medication.

Aims To assess whether patients on the elderly care wards at NUH (Nottingham University Hospitals) were appropriately given IV (intravenous) iron for Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). To improve our practice in the investigation and follow up of patients with IDA. Method Data was obtained of patients who had IV iron dispensed from June—September 2019. This totalled 146 patients. Digital medical records and Notis results. Server were reviewed and a spread sheet database compiled with patient demographics, presentation, blood results. Co-morbidities, medication, investigations and follow up. Results The average age of the patients receiving IV iron on the elderly care wards was 86 (range 74–106). 89 were female and 57 male. The top presenting complaints were; fall (38%), abdominal symptoms of pain, diarrhoea or vomiting (15%), SOB (12%). 30% of patient were on anti-coagulation and 27% were on an anti-platelet with 2% of patient on both. Mean female Hb was 89 (41–129) and male Hb was 91 (49–117). The data showed that 8 out of 81 female patients were given IV iron despite not being anaemic. In 7.5% of cases ferritin, TSAT, iron and transferrin had not been checked. Ferritin was not checked 16%. 82% of patients had no documentation with regards to the rationale for choosing not to proceed with invasive investigation. Conclusion Improvement is needed in the way we manage patients with IDA. This audit highlighted the need for continued review of medications—particularly anti-platelets and anti-coagulants. If there is a weak indication consider the risks and benefits. It is important we discuss and document the consideration or unsuitability of invasive investigations and follow up. A proforma is being written to guide clinicians with regards to the appropriate prescribing of IV iron and to guide investigation and follow up.

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Background: Sneezing, postnasal drip, nasal pruritis, and nasal congestion are all signs of allergic rhinitis (AR), an atopic condition. It affects one in six people and is linked to high morbidity, severe productivity loss, and high healthcare expenses. In the past, AR was believed to be a nasal airway-specific disease. However, the emergence of the unified airway hypothesis has identified the atopic dermatitis (AD) and other related disorders, such as asthma, as components of systemic allergic reaction.Objective: Review of literature about assessment of Allergic Rhinitis from Medical Microbiology Background Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for relevant articles on allergic rhinitis and medical microbiology background. However, only the most recent or thorough studies were taken into account between February 2001 and May 2023. The authors also evaluated the value of resources culled from other works in the same genre. Therefore, documents written in languages other than English have been ignored due to a lack of translation funds. Unpublished works, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations were generally agreed upon not to qualify as scientific research. Conclusion: Due to changes in the immune system, AR is an IgE-mediated illness that develops in genetically vulnerable people after exposure to environmental allergens. The majority of the common allergens linked to AR are proteins and glycoproteins present in airborne particles. As a result of the inhalation of allergen particles, the nasal epithelium becomes coated, allowing soluble allergenic proteins to elute and diffuse into the nasal mucosa. Numerous aeroallergens enhance allergen entry to antigen presentating cells (APCs) during the early sensitization process. In AR tight junctions in the airway epithelium are cleaved and epithelial cells are activated thanks to the protease activities of these proteins. Skin prick testing is used to confirm an AR diagnosis alongside a patient's history and a physical exam.