IntroductionTaeniasis/cysticercosis, caused by the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is a parasitic zoonosis found primarily in countries where pigs are raised and meat inspection is lacking [1,2]. The potential for a tapeworm carrier to infect another individual (or themselves via autoinfection), resulting in cysticercosis or neurocysticercosis (NCC), is a risk not only in endemic areas, but also in areas with immigrants from endemic countries [1,[3][4][5]]. An example of such an outbreak occurred in an Orthodox Jewish community in New York City when family members were infected by a domestic employee from a T. solium endemic country [6]. Such NCC outbreaks have occurred in other developed countries, including countries in the Middle East where people do not consume pork [4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].In Asia, there are three Taenia tapeworms that infect humans; T. solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica [4,5,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although adult T. solium worms with scoleces are easily differentiated morphologically from other taeniids, it is almost impossible to differentiate adult T. asiatica and T. saginata [5,22,25,26]. Therefore, molecular differentiation is often required to correctly identify the infecting species [27]. Recent studies have also reported hybrids of T. saginata and T. asiatica in Thailand and China [5,25,[28][29][30][31][32]. This makes mitochondrial and nuclear gene analyses even more important for the differentiation of T. saginata, T. asiatica, and hybrids of these two species [30][31][32].In Indonesia, T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica are distributed according to livestock rearing and local food consumption practices [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Both T. saginata and T. solium have been confirmed from the island of Bali, where the local inhabitants are known to eat dishes that contain undercooked beef and pork, such as the traditional dish Lawar. NCC was considered endemic on Bali more than 20 years ago [41,42]. However, education programs aimed at keeping pigs indoors to prevent access to human faeces and the introduction of improved sanitation systems and practices have substantially reduced the prevalence of NCC during the past 2 decades [35,37,43]. Nevertheless, there are still sporadic NCC cases identified on Bali [40,[42][43][44][45]. Case ReportFieldwork conducted on Bali from 2002-2007 resulted in the identification of 69 taeniasis carriers who were treated with a single dose of praziquantel (PZQ) at 15 mg/kg body weight (Table 1). All worms were confirmed to be T. saginata by multiplex PCR [36]. In August 2007, a 47-year-old male taeniasis carrier from the Gianyar district suffered a single tonic-clonic seizure within a few hours of PZQ administration. The patient was subsequently admitted to the Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed one viable cystic lesion and one calcified lesion in the right frontal lobe of the brain. At this time, serology (ELISA) was also carried out using partially purified antigens by c...

Gedi hijau (Abelmoschus manihot (L.)Medik ) mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, dan saponin yang mampu melindungi mukosa lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas gastroprotektif serta untuk mengetahui dosis efektif ekstrak etanol daun gedi hijau dalam pemberian efek gastroprotektif terhadap tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi dengan aspirin. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Sampel terdiri dari 24 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) dibagi dalam 6 kelompok. Perlakuan diberi per oral selama 3 hari meliputi: Kelompok kontrol normal diberi 0,5% Na-CMC; kelompok kontrol negatif diberi 0,5% Na-CMC + Aspirin 600 mg/kg BB; kelompok kontrol positif diberi suspensi Sukralfat 360 mg/kg BB + Aspirin 600 mg/kg BB; kelompok dosis uji 1 diberi ekstrak etanol daun gedi hijau 100 mg/kg BB + Aspirin 600 mg/kg BB; kelompok dosis uji 2 diberi ekstrak etanol daun gedi hijau 200 mg/kg BB + Aspirin 600 mg/kg BB; kelompok dosis uji 3 diberi ekstrak etanol daun gedi hijau 300 mg/kg BB + Aspirin 600 mg/kg BB. Pada hari ke 3, tikus dibedah 4 jam setelah pemberian aspirin, diambil organ lambung untuk dilakukan perhitungan indeks ulser dan persen inhibisi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal Wallis dan uji statistik Mann Whitney dengan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gedi hijaudapat mencegah kerusakan mukosa lambung tikus yang dipapar aspirin dengan dosis efektif adalah 300 mg/kg BB yang sebanding dengan sukralfat

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan masalah penyakit menular di Indonesia termasuk Nusa Tenggara Timur. Desa Naibonat, Kabupaten Kupang Timur dilaporkan masih dengan angka insiden yang tinggi. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh bakteri basil yang dikenal dengan nama Mycobacerium tuberculosis. Penularan melalui udara saat pasien batuk dan mengeluarkan droplet, anggota keluarga merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan tertular karena tidak bisa menghindari kontak secara langsung. Penyakit TBC dapat disembuhkan dengan pengobatan teratur dan tidak putus selain itu pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan menjaga sanitasi lingkungan, peningkatan daya tahan tubuh anggota keluarga, dukungan dari anggota keluarga kepada pasien yang sedang menjalani pengobatan sampai sembuh. Konseling keluarga dan pemberdayaan pemuda untuk menurunkan angka penularan TB kami nilai sebagai salah satu strategi yang efektif. Kegiatan inilah yang kami laksanakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan fokus pada wilayah layanan Puskesmas Naibonat, wilayah gereja katolik Gereja Katolik Sto. Yohanes Maria Vianey-Naibonat dan SMAN 3 Kabupaten Kupang Timur.

Treatment of infections using penicillin-derived antibiotics such as methicillin has been found to cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This bacteria could produce a beta-lactamase enzyme to form a resistant strain. Research on antibacterial activity continues to develop. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was one of the herbal plants whose fruit has long been used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. This study aimed to determine the potential inhibition of white pomegranate leaf extracts (Punica granatum L.) on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) strain and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. White pomegranate leaf extract macerated with ethanol 96%, evaporated to obtain pure extracts made with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and with 100% tested with invitro diffusion method. It was found that the extract of white pomegranate leaves with 30% (10.00 ± 0.0) concentration was able to inhibit the growth of positive Gram bacteria strains MRSA  and the extract was unable to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria strain ESBL.

Background: The prohibition of the addition of formalin in food is carried out because it is dangerous to health. People generally find it challenging to carry out formalin checks on food, which are usually carried out in laboratories because they use chemicals. Another way to test formalin can use natural ingredients that contain anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are a group of pigments, namely flavonoids. These flavonoids are commonly found in plant parts such as fruits and flowers and other parts such as the skin of shallots. Objective: This study aimed to determine the formalin test with shallots peel extract. Methods: An experimental research design was used in this study using colorimetric, which took anthocyanin extract from the skin of the shallots, and the extract was tested again on formalin tofu to see the color change. Results: Shallots peel extract was tested with an Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer instrument, and the results showed the presence of anthocyanins in the extract. Conclusion: Formalin testing with shallots peel extract can be done, but we must pay attention to the extraction process so that maximum results can be obtained.