Se basant sur l’appui méthodologique offert aux concepteurs de programmes d’études et sur plusieurs analyses récentes, les auteurs examinent les difficultés liées à l’utilisation du concept de compétences. Ils les analysent et proposent un recadrage théorique d’une logique de compétences pour les programmes d’études. Montrant l’insuffisance théorique du concept de compétence et soulignant la rareté des recherches relatives à ce concept, les auteurs décrivent les ambiguïtés auxquelles sont confrontés les rédacteurs des programmes d’études. À ce jour, l’imprécision du concept de compétence n’en facilite pas une utilisation adéquate comme organisateur de programmes. Le recours hâtif à ce concept au moment du développement curriculaire provoque une série d’incohérences, alors même que le concept de compétence demeure fécond.The authors of this article examine the difficulties in using the concept of competencies by curriculum developers based on the methodological support offered to them and on the analysis of several recent studies. The authors present an analysis and a proposal for re-thinking the theoretical frame for explaining the logic of competencies in curriculum. They show how the theoretical inadequacy of this concept and the scarcity of research in this field lead to ambiguities which confront program developers. Until now, the lack of precision in defining this concept has made its use as a program organizer difficult. The current use of this inadequately defined concept for curriculum development produces some incoherencies, although the concept of competence is ripe for study.En base al apoyo metodológico proporcionado a los diseñadores de programas de estudios y a varios análisis recientes, los autores examinan las dificultades ligadas a la utilización del concepto de competencia. Además de analizar esas dificultades, proponen un nuevo enfoque teórico de una lógica de competencia para los programas de estudios. Demostrando la carencia teórica del concepto de competencia y subrayando la escasez de trabajos de investigación referentes a ese concepto, los autores describen las ambigüedades que enfrentan los diseñadores de programas de estudios. Hasta la fecha, la imprecisión del concepto de competencia no ha favorecido una utilización adecuada de ello como organizador de programas. El recurso a este concepto en forma anticipada durante el desarrollo curricular genera una serie de incoherencias al mismo tiempo que el concepto de competencia sigue siendo enriquecedor.Auf der Basis einer für Programmkonzeptoren ausgearbeiteten Methodologie sowie verschiedener neuerer Analysen untersuchen die Autoren dieses Beitrags die Schwierigkeiten, die sich bei der Verwendung des Kompetenzbegriffs stellen. Die Autoren schlagen im Rahmen ihrer Analyse einen neuen theoretischen Rahmen für die Kompetenzlogik in Studienprogrammen vor. Zunächst wird die Unbrauchbarkeit des bisherigen Kompetenzbegriffs dargelegt. Die Autoren weisen außerdem auf die nur sehr spärliche Fachliteratur zu diesem Thema hin. Dann werden die Doppeldeu...
P h i l i p p e J o n n a e r t , D o m e n i c o M a s c i o t r a , J o h a n n e B a r r e t t e , D e n i s e M o r e l , a n d Y a y a M a n e 1 AbstractThe article begins by drawing a distinction between the concepts of ''curriculum'' and ''programme of study'', and goes on to show that curriculum reform involves much more than simply rewriting programmes of study. The reforms that are presently sweeping across education systems throughout the world qualify, in many cases, as true paradigm revolutions, given the magnitude of the transition from an objectives-based to a competency-based pedagogy. The authors discuss the complex nature of a situated approach to competence by exploring the theoretical foundations of a number of contemporary perspectives: situated action/cognition, distributed cognition/intelligence, collective
Le Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec (MEQ) propose actuellement de nouveaux programmes d'études. La dernière version de ceux-ci pour le premier cycle de l'école primaire a été soumis à la Commission Nationale des Programmes qui, malgré quelques réserves sur la présentation, n'a pas émis d'objections majeures à leur implantation dès l'automne 2000. Le discours de ces programmes nous semble toutefois comporter des lacunes importantes. Ainsi, à l'analyse, on peut noter un décalage épistémologique entre le discours sur la cognition et le format des programmes ancré dans une tradition positiviste du savoir ; une incohérence qui résulte de l'usage simultané de discours sur la cognition liés à des paradigmes incompatibles (socioconstructivisme et cognitivisme) ; la réduction dans ce même discours du statut conceptuel de la notion de compétence à celui d'objectif pédagogique. Ce sont là des obstacles sérieux à une véritable intégration de la perspective constructiviste dans les pratiques pédagogiques. Executive Summary:The purpose of this text is to reflect on the new curricula put forward by the Québec department of education (Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, or MEQ). These new curricula daringly adhere to the socio-constructivist paradigm of cognition. An analysis of the provisional documents released by the MEQ to date has brought out at least three types of potential problems in connection with (1) the epistemological gap that separates the discourse surrounding curricula in relation to cognition from the organization of class contents, whose format is descended from the positivist tradition of academic subjects; (2) the inconsistency that underlies this discourse because it simultaneously refers to several incompatible paradigms of cognition (constructivism, cognitivism, and behaviourism); and, (3) within this same discourse, the reduction of the conceptual status of the notion of competency to that of instructional objective. Such issues are the basis of major criticisms that must be accounted for in order to integrate the constructivist perspective into teaching practices. Is it impossible for such a mission to succeed?That is not my opinion. The latest documents released by the MEQ show evidence of a determination to renew teaching practices. This project, however, demonstrates that the authors of curricula are at an epistemological cross-roads. They have attempted to extricate themselves from the behaviourist thesis of cognition that has held sway over the development of teaching programs for many years now. Nevertheless, here and there remain ways of conceiving cognition that, in a certain way, have become 'normal' and selfevident. The inconsistencies mentioned above are part of this legacy, which makes it necessary to begin a long process of conversion. The first results of curriculum reform have not been entirely negative. They do, however, necessitate a number of major readjustments in connection with the criticisms put forward here, in particular, eliminating the epistemological gap and creating a new f...
Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres | avril 2011Le curriculum dans les politiques éducatives Curriculum, entre modèle rationnel et irrationalité des sociétésCurricula: between rational model and irrational societies Currículum, entre modelo racional e irracionalidad de las sociedades
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