BACKGROUND: The high infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accompanied by increased resistance to many groups of antibiotics is a major concern in the field of infection. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility to MRSA isolates in Indonesia. METHODS: We did searches in Pubmed, Proquest, DOAJ, GARUDA, and google scholar for studies published in 2006-2020. Study in Indonesian (Bahasa) and English with the keywords "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus", "MRSA" and "Indonesia". More than 30 S.aureus isolates derived from human samples were included. RESULTS: A total of 738 articles based on the search results, 13 studies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of MRSA reported from all studies is 0.3%-52%. The study with the largest prevalence of MRSA was found in Jakarta. The susceptibility of vancomycin antibiotics to MRSA isolates is known to range from 87%-100%. Based on all studies, Linezolid, Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin were reported to have 100% susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MRSA is still found high in one of the cities in Indonesia. Surveillance of antibiotic use, monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and antibiotic resistance control programs need to be optimized. MRSA screening is based on a rapid diagnosis when an inpatient admission is also necessary.
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is citrus plant of the family Rutaceae that was used as an antibacterial. This plant is native to Indonesia, which contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oil. This study aims to determine the ability of antibacterial extract lime leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and to find out the concentration that is most effevtive in inhibiting the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The research used lime leaves. By drying the leaves at the oven at temperature 45˚C, pulverizing by mesh 40, and extraction by maceration for 5 days with ethanol 96%. This study used a completely randomized design with treatments in variation concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% concentration were then used to test the antibacterial activity with disc diffusion. Inhibition zone formed from extracts with concentration of 5% (6,7 mm) 10% (6,8 mm) 15% (7,3 mm) and 20% (8,3 mm). The results of the data analysis showed that the administration of lime leaves extract affected the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, where the value of sig <0,05 obtained a value of sig 0,000. Based on the research, among the others the concentration of 20% was that the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus that was 8,3 mm. Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) leaf extract has antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. Concentration extract 20% is an effective concentration to inhibit bacterially
Latar Belakang: kekurangan asupan gizi sejak lahir sampai balita dapat menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan pada balita yaitu pertumbuhan tinggi badan yang tidak optimal (stunting). Pertumbuhan tinggi badan yang terhambat pada saat balita akan berakibat pada tingkat kecerdasan otak setelah dewasa. Tujuan: mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Cimuning Bekasi. Metode: penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dilakukan di Puskesmas Cimuning Bekasi pada bulan Oktober-November 2019. Sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling sebanyak 100 ibu-anak. Stunting diukur dengan antropometri menggunakan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U). Variabel independen (pemberian ASI, imunisasi, MP-ASI, penyakit ibu dan anak) diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: kejadian stunting dialami oleh sebanyak 30,0% balita. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: promosi pemberian ASI eksklusif harus diterapkan disetiap fasilitas kesehatan dan media sosial agar informasi tersebut sampai ke masyarakat luas sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kejadian stunting pada balita.
Latar belakang: Kanker yang saat ini menjadi perhatian dunia dan megakibatkan tingginya angka kematian adalah kanker serviks. Data Globocan pada tahun 2013 menunjukkan prevalensi tertinggi kankerpada wanita di Indonesia adalah kanker serviks.Penyebabnyakarena kurangnya motivasi wanita untuk melakukan pemeriksaan Pap smear sehingga mengalami keterlambatan diagnosis yang mengakibatkanbanyak wanita yang terdiagnosa kanker serviks dalam stadium lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi untuk melakukan Pap smear pada Wanita UsiaSubur (WUS) di Kecamatan Cipondoh.Metode: Metode pada penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 106 orang, dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober tahun 2016.I nstrumenyang digunakan adalah kuesioner.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara motivasi melakukan Pap smear pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) dengan status ekonomi keluarga (p=0,019), jarak dari rumah ke pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,001) dan paparaninformasi (p=0,009); (p value< 0,05; α= 0,05).Motivasi untuk melakukan Pap smearsangat penting khususnya pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) untuk mencegah keterlambatan diagnosis sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kematian pada kanker serviks.Simpulan: Diperlukan penyuluhan tentang kanker serviks, pemeriksaan Pap smeargratis secara berkala oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan motivasi wanita melakukan Pap smear.Kata Kunci: Motivasi, wanita usia subur (WUS), kanker seviks, Pap smear
Background: Education is an effort to create a conducive learning atmosphere and design a learning process so that students are able to develop their potential. The development of TIK in learning supports the creation of the e-learning method, but pros and cons arise in it so that it disturbs the skills aspects of students. For that we need an evaluation of the changes in the learning method. Methods: This study is a quantitative analytic study with a crosssectional approach. The sample selection was carried out by total sampling from the entire population, namely the 2018 FKK-UMJ medical students, which amounted to around 143 students. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.25 and statistical tests using the Independent Sample T-test. Results: Differences in the practical-exam-scores and tutorial-scores of PSKD FKK-UMJ students class of 2018 when doing face-to-face learning of the Tropical Medicine System and distance learning of the Urogenital System. The practical-exam-score was better in distance learning of the Urogenital System with the A predicate (44.1%) while the tutorial score was better in the face-to-face learning of the Tropical Medicine System with the A predicate (85.3%). Bivariate analysis, practicum-exam-scores and tutorial-scores for the two systems with two different learning methods were different with Sig (2-tailed) <0.05. Conclusion: There are differences in the comparison of the practicalexam-scores and the tutorial scores of the 2018 PSKD FKK-UMJ students during face-to-face learning in the Tropical Medicine System and distance learning on the Urogenital System.
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