In general, the Law of Marriage in Indonesia adheres to the principle of monogamy, although it does not rule out the possibility for husbands to have wife of more than one person at a time, or known as polygamy. The polygamy marriage desired in Article No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and in the Compilation of Islamic Law is conditional polygamy, where the husband is permitted to marry polygamy with the provisions that must meet the juridical requirements stated in the Marriage Law and KHI. One of the requirements is that there is an agreement or permission from the first wife made in writing. Polygamy without the permission of the first wife will cause conflict in the household, namely psychological violence conflict suffered by the wife. So that the wife will ask for divorce because she feels betrayed by her husband. In such circumstances, the wife will feel very aggrieved by the act of polygamy secretly, the psychological disturbance due to betrayal by the husband, and other disadvantages are the wife is not entitled to a mut'ah post-divorce from the husband, because this divorce was submitted at will the wife herself.  

Secara yuridis, korban pemerkosaan berhak meminta restitusi (ganti kerugian) kepada kepada pelaku, namun fakta empiris menunjukkan masih adanya pihak korban maupun keluarganya yang belum menuntut restitusi. Beberapa contoh putusan yang tidak diberikan ganti kerugian yaitu Nomor 0003/JN/2016/MS.Ttn. di mana perempuan tidak diberikan restitusi kepadanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan restitusi dalam penanganan kasus jarimah pemerkosaan bagi anak, apa faktor-faktor yang menghambat perealisasian ganti kerugian bagi korban dan perlindungan hukum bagi anak sebagai korban dalam kasus pemerkosaan di Aceh?. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis empiris yakni mengkaji penerapan aturan restitusi dalam kenyataan empiris. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Selain itu juga dilakukan wawancara dengan hakim yang pernah mengadili perkara pemerkosaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Takengon dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Tapaktuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan restitusi dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayat kurang memprioritaskan kepentingan korban, karena korban harus meminta terlebih dahulu baru bisa dikabulkan oleh hakim dan berkoordinasi lebih lanjut dengan JPU. Faktor penghambat perealisasian restitusi yaitu kesadaran hukum rendah, penegak hukum kurang teliti memahami konsep restitusi, korbannya anak-anak, stigma merendahkan martabat perempua dan kelemahan finansial pelaku. Perlindungan hukum bagi anak korban yaitu adanya restitusi, anak didampingi oleh P2TP2A, dan hukuman yang dijatuhkan kepada pelaku berupa penjara agar pelaku tidak bertemu lagi dengan anak korban.

Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah memiliki peranan strategis dalam upaya pencegahan perkawinan anak, karena setiap orangtua yang ingin menikahkan anak di bawah umur harus mendapatkan dispensasi perkawinan dari Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Kajian ini berusaha untuk menganalisis peran dan tantangan yang dihadapi hakim dalam mencegah perkawinan usia anak di Mahkamah Syar’iyah serta pertimbangan dalam menerima maupun menolak dispensasi kawin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yuridis empiris dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan peranan hakim mencegah perkawinan anak. Sumber data primer diperoleh melalu wawancara langsung dengan hakim. Data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim memiliki peranan strategis dalam upaya mencegah praktik perkawinan usia anak, hal ini disebabkan setiap perkawinan anak harus memperoleh izin Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Wujud peranan hakim dikonkritkan dengan mendorong orangtua tidak melanjutkan permohonan dispensasi kawin dengan memberikan nasehat-nasehat serta dampak yang muncul pasca perkawinan baik psikologis, mental maupun pendidikan anak. Tantangan yang dihadapi hakim dalam mengadili perkara dispensasi adalah pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bahaya perkawinan anak belum tersosialisasikan dengan baik dan harus menghadirkan saksi yang memadai agar latar belakang keinginan menikah dapat didalami secara komprehensif. Pertimbangan hakim mengabulkan permohonan dispensasi dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (the best interest of the child) dan adanya bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan suatu hal yang mendesak dilakukan berdasarkan fakta di persidangan.

This study seeks to discuss the role of women's non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in resolving post-divorce custody of children. This is because the problem of post-divorce custody is always a struggle between father and mother. Sometimes custody is given to the mother in the decision of the Syar'iyah Court judge, but the empirical facts are taken by the father. This study aims to determine the roles, efforts and challenges faced by women's NGOs in resolving post-divorce custody of children. This type of research includes empirical juridical research. The primary legal materials used are Law Number 1 Year 1974, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Primary data obtained through interviews with respondents who carry out tasks in NGOs. Data analysis was carried out in a prescriptive manner which attempted to provide an explanation of primary data and secondary data and primary and secondary legal materials. The results showed that women's NGOs have a strategic role in resolving post-divorce custody issues, because most mothers resolve custody issues through women's NGOs. The efforts taken are: First, assisting them to the Police or Polres level to make a report to the Police. Second, assisting in reporting the case to P2TP2A. Third, bringing together the mother and father of the child in order to find the right solution for the maximum development of the child. Fourth, assist and represent the mother of the child in handling the cases currently being faced at the Syar'iyah Court. The challenges faced are: First, the lack of human resources at NGOs for Women and Children. Second, it is difficult to reconcile the father and mother of the child. Third, the whereabouts of the child and the father are unknown. Fourth, some mothers just gave up because they no longer fought for custody again.

This study seeks to describe the fulfillment of the rights of women and children in the Syar'iyah Court during the Covid-19 period and the efforts made by judges in seeking to protect the rights of women and children. The type of research used is empirical legal research with the aim of obtaining concrete information regarding the fulfillment of the rights of women and children during the COVID-19 period at the Syar'iyah Court. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by describing the data obtained from literature studies and studies at the Syar'iyah Court. The results showed that the protection of the rights of women and children during the COVID-19 period was very low. The rights that should be obtained such as 'iddah and mut'ah living and the cost of living for children are neglected. Economic limitations due to covid-19, the loss of husband's job is the main reason so that the rights of women and children are not obtained as they should. Efforts made by judges in optimizing the rights of women and children are by delaying the implementation of the divorce pledge, making peace agreements related to the husband's responsibilities towards women and their children, giving directions to claim their rights in the reconciliation lawsuit and using ex officio rights if women do not ask for their rights in the reconciliation lawsuit.