En virtud de que la industria turística evoluciona debido a los efectos de la globalización y la innovación de los productos y servicios que ofrece, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la opinión de cinco titulares de organismos, instituciones y asociaciones oficiales que regulan la actividad turística en México, esto con el fin de proponer un esquema de las competencias que un profesional del sector turismo debería adquirir y desarrollar en las instituciones de educación superior. Para indagar en la opinión de los informantes se empleó una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual estuvo diseñada con base en cinco planteamientos que tomaron en cuenta las notas metodológicas de la base de datos de estadísticas de la Organización Mundial de Turismo (2017). Los temas sobre los cuales se indagó fueron los siguientes: aptitudes, valores, competencias y actitudes del desempeño profesional de los profesionales en turismo. Según la opinión de los entrevistados, las competencias, características y aptitudes requeridas en la industria del turismo en México son heterogéneas en las categorías del “saber” (cognitivas, disciplinares y conceptuales) y del “saber hacer” (procedimentales e instrumentales), pues cada una de estas dependen de la subindustria turística en la que se labora. Aun así, se pudieron determinar ciertas coincidencias en diversos aspectos cognitivos (p. ej., dominar otra lengua, desenvolverse en el área de mercadotecnia, etc.), actitudinales (p. ej., empatía, trabajo en equipo, etc.) e incluso en determinados valores (p. ej., honestidad, ética, etc.).

At present, the World Tourism Organization indicates that, as a worldwide export category, tourism occupies the third position, behind chemical and fuel products and ahead of the automotive industry. In many developing countries, tourism is the main export sector. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to propose an approach to the training of tourism professionals for the fourth industrial revolution, so this chapter proposes an approach to educational competencies in the training of tourism professionals for Industry 4.0 with a focus in sustainable development; initially, the subject of educational competencies in higher education will be described, since derived from these, professional competencies are achieved. Next, the exploration of the concepts of intellectual capital, tourism, and the fourth industrial revolution will be shown; to conclude the authors show the relation of the thematic axes.

This chapter will focus on the characterization of human, relational, and structural capital, as well as the importance of establishing them as strategic objectives in higher education in Mexico, with the aim of designing academic proposals oriented to optimize and manage intellectual capital. Given that the new economic order demands from academic organizations more efficient ways of producing and transferring education, the context of higher education is pointed out with reference to the capitals in question and the importance of their relationship in such a way that through this it is possible to determine strategic objectives that maximize academic performance and improve teaching-learning models, as well as terminal efficiency in higher education schools in Mexico.

This chapter will focus on the characterization of big data and digital tools applied in postgraduate programs in Mexico. The new economic order demands from academic organizations more efficient ways in their production and transfer of teaching-learning in graduate programs in Mexico. In this chapter, an approach to big data technology and its influence on education explaining the main educational methods and new professional options derived from big data analytics is given. It discusses the technical, legal, and ethical aspects for the adoption and use of big data technology in educational institutions.

The objective of this chapter is to offer an approach to the generation of competitive advantage in the tourism industry based on the definition of intellectual capital and its relationship with professional competences in tourism, which is why the topic of educational competences in higher education is described, since professional skills are achieved through these. Subsequently, the exploration of the intellectual capital concept and the conception of tourism is presented. Finally, the relation of the thematic axes of this chapter is presented to incorporate the conclusion that describes that the educational competences in higher education applied by professionals in the tourism industry will result in the productivity and profitability of the organizations known as intellectual capital.