Buah tanaman wualae (bahasa Tolaki) atau Etlingera elatior digunakan oleh masyarakat Tolaki (Sulawesi Tenggara) sebagai bumbu masak dan obat tradisional. Untuk mengungkap potensi tersebut, khususnya buah wualae, dilakukan kajian fitokimia dan farmakologi buah wualae. Kajian fitokimia meliputi isolasi dan penentuan struktur dikerjakan dengan metode kromatografi (kromatografi vakum cair dan kromatografi radial) dan spektroskopi (1H dan 13C NMR). Kajian farmakologi meliputi uji aktivitas biologi terhadap enam jenis bakteri (Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, dan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175). Hasilnya menunjukkan tiga senyawa fenolik telah berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi dari buah wualae yaitu asam vanilat (1), asam p-hidroksibenzoat (2), dan asam kumarat (3). Ketiga senyawa tersebut pertama kali dilaporkan berhasil diisolasi dari buah E. elatior. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol buah wualae dan tiga senyawa hasil isolasi menunjukkan bahwa sampel tersebut paling aktif terhadap bakteri S. mutans. Dengan demikian aktivitas senyawa-senyawa hasil isolasi dari buah E. elatior  berkorelasi dengan aktivitas ekstrak metanol buah E. elatior  terhadap S. mutans, dimana senyawa paling aktif adalah asam vanilat. Ekstrak yang dominan mengandung asam vanilat dari tanaman ini dapat dikembangkan sebagai herbal antibakteri S. mutans seperti herbal karies gigi dan obat kumur. Kata kunci: Etlingera elatior, wualae, buah, senyawa aromatik, antibakteri. The fruits of wualae (Tolakinese) or Etlingera elatior is utilized by Tolakinese (Sulawesi Tenggara) as spices and traditional medicine. To reveal the potencies, a study on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects have been carried out. The phytochemical study includes isolation and structure determination used chromatography methods (vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography) and spectroscopy methods (1H NMR and 13C NMR). Biological activity was evaluated against some bacteria that are Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175). The results showed that three aromatic compounds had been isolated and identified that are vanillic acid (1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2) and coumaric acid (3). All compounds are firstly reported that successfully isolated from fruits of Wualae. Antibacterial potency indicated that the methanol extracts and the isolated compounds are the most active towards S. mutans and have good activity correlation between the extracts and the compounds. Vanillic acid is the most active compound from E. elatior fruits. Thus, the extracts contain dominantly vanillic acid from          E. elatior fruits can be developed to be antibacterial herbals caused by S. mutans. Keywords: Etlingera elatior, wualae, fruits, aromatic compounds, antibacterial activity.

Meistera chinensis is one of the new generations of the Zingiberaceae family. Zingiberaceae have a large number of species and still need research to reveal their chemical content. Meistera chinensis, a local plant that is widespread in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Empirically, M. chinensis is used as a flavor enhancer in food, aches, and increases body immunity. There are no reports of chemical content or its biological activity. In this study, the fruit was tested for phytochemicals, antioxidants using the ABTS test, total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and toxicity test with BSLT. Meistera chinensis was extracted with ethanol and fractionated by ethyl acetate solvent use vacuum liquid chromatography. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively by using the calorimetric method. The fraction toxicity was monitored by a lethal test for brine shrimp (BSLT). These fractions for the ABTS method obtained fractions 1-8 (F1-F8) and ascorbic acid were used as controls. The results showed radical scavenging activities fraction of M. chinensis fruit was a very strong activity with IC50 of 42.7±3.53 mg/L (F8). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 30.72±1.07 mgGAE/g and 8.02±0.48 mgQE/g, respectively. The phytochemical evaluation contains terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, steroids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The BSLT toxicity test was found to be very toxic with IC50 of 5.20±0.72 mg/L. These findings indicate that the fruit of M. chinensis acts as an antioxidant and toxicity agent.

The rhizome of Etlingera elatior or Wualae (Tolakinese) has many advantages on traditional remedies and cooking in Sulawesi Tenggara. To support those advantages, two secondary metabolites derived from steroid and phenylpropanoic acid classes, stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (1) and p-coumaric acid (2), respectively, have been firstly isolated and identified from the E. elatior rhizome. Isolation of these two compounds was performed using several chromatography techniques, including thin layer chromatography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and radial chromatography (RC). Identification of isolates was carried out using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and comparing the spectroscopy data with the library. The potency of antibacterial of the methanol extract of Wualae rhizome and the isolates were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 using agar diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results show that the antibacterial potential of Wualae methanol extract is better than compound 1 and 2. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of Compound 2 (IC50 159.47 μg/mL) was stronger than the antioxidant properties of Compound 1 (IC50 219.95 μg/mL) and the methanol extract (IC50 586.38 μg/mL).

AIM: The study aimed to isolate and identification secondary metabolite from pericarp Garcinia mangostana Linn. METHODS: The first step of this research was maceration of sample using alcohol 70% solvent. The separation and purification of compounds using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC), Radial Chromatography (RC). The purity of isolate was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and melting point. Compounds identified using spectroscopi IR, NMR-1D (1H, 13C-NMR and DEPT) and 2-D NMR (HMQC and HMBC). RESULTS: The compound has melting point at 165-167°C. The result showed isolate was gartanin. CONCLUSION: The secondary metabolite found in pericarp Garcinia mangostana Linn. is gartanin.

Imunomodulator merupakan bahan yang dapat mengembalikan ketidakseimbangan sistem imun. Spons Xestospongia Sp. diduga mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai agen imunomodulator. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. terhadap aktivitas fagositosis makrofag. Sebanyak dua puluh empat ekor mencit jantan galur Balb/C umur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 20-30 gram dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok pertama mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 100 mg/kgBB, kelompok kedua mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 200 mg/kgBB, kelompok ketiga mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 300 mg/kgBB dan kelompok keempat mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 400 mg/kgBB. Kelompok kontrol positif mendapat ekstrak Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/gBB dan kelompok kontrol negatif mendapatkan Na-CMC 0,5%. Ekstrak diberikan secara peroral sejak hari pertama hingga ketujuh. Pada hari kedelapan masing-masing mencit diinjeksikan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (SA) 0,5 mL secara intra peritoneal. Aktivitas sel makrofag dihitung dari apusan cairan peritoneum mencit. Peningkatan dosis ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. meningkatkan jumlah aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dari 24,25 % (Na-CMC), 34,25% (100 mg/kgBB), 47,00% (200 mg/kgBB), 59,50 % (300 mg/kgBB) dan 62,75% (400 mg/kgBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. memiliki potensi sebagai imunomodulator pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB dengan efektivitas yang tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (Stimuno®) dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag berdasarkan hasil uji statistik post hoc TUKEY (sig. > 0,05).