SummaryThe karyotypes of 21 accessions of Lathyrus L. belonging to 4 sections were investigated. Although all the species have a chromosome number of 2nϭ14, they could be differentiated by their karyotype formula and quantitative parameters of the karyotypes. Phenetic distance showed that in spite of the differences observed among entitied, they can be grouped in clusters that coincide with the taxonomic sections established by Kupicha and with the life cycle of the species. The section Clymenum can be distinguished by the presence of a subtelocentric pair. From an evolutionary point of view, variation in genome size, however, is congruent with morphological variation as well as with the life cycle.
The present work deals with application of seed protein diversity as revealed by SDS-PAGE to reassess the relationships of 27 samples represent six North American species and eight Old World species of Lupinus in the light of their chromosome counts and pervious taxonomic treatments. The relationships among the examined samples have been demonstrated as UPGMA and Neighbor joining (NJ) trees that agree with the taxonomy and ecogeographic distribution of the studied species. In both trees the 27 samples have been divided in two major groups; one small group comprised of the New World species and a large group comprised of the Old World species. The North American lupines are clearly delimited as separate identities with high levels of dissimilarity between them particularly in the UPGMA tree. In the NJ tree high levels of dissimilarity are observed between L. sativus and L. sylvestris and a cluster comprised of L. mutabilis, L. succulentus, L. elegans and L. hartwegii. The relationships among the Old World species, with few exceptions, correlate well with their morphology and intercrossing data. The morphologically diverse and genetically well-differentiated smoothseeded species were separated as one group from the morphologically homogeneous and genetically less differentiated rough-seeded lupines. In the smooth seeded lupines, the separation of L. albus (2n=50) and L. angustifolius (2n=40) is congruent with their sectional delimitation, However, L. micranthus, (sect. Micranthi) and L. luteus and L. hispanicus (sect. Lutei) all have 2n=52. The rough seeded species are differentiated into two clusters; one includes the three samples of L. consentinii (2n=32) and the other comprises the two samples of L. pilosus (2n=42) and atlanticus (2n=38).
SummaryThe genetic variability based on karyotype formula was studied for 40 accessions of genus Lathyrus. All accessions have 2nϭ14 chromosomes. Karyotype formula has a great uniformity among accessions of each species, suggesting interaspecific stability in Lathyrus species. Our data allowed the differentiation of several accessions among sections Lathyrus, Linearicarpus and Clymenum in number of m chromosome. The variation among section Lathyrus supports that section Lathyrus is not fully constant as has been postulated. Satellites were detected in a pair of chromosome in L. sativus (TUN and AFG). On the otherhand, B-chromosome was detected in L. sativus (USSR, BAN, CAN, and PAK) L. gorgoni (JOR) and L. annus (SYR). This finding may be due to the variation in DNA amount by increase in the non-repetitive sequence. The variation in size of chromosomes of the members of Lathyrus is associated with the evolution in the genus.
The results in the present study emphasize that in Arabidopsis thaliana genome, gamma-GTase encoded by a gene family comprised of four genes. Three of these genes are functionally expressed while the fourth is a pseudogene. The three functional genes express different active protein isoforms that appeared to have different functions. Two genes (GGT1 and GGT2) are structurally similar and expresses proteins with the same molecular weight and both target to the same cellular compartment (plasma membrane). However, both demonstrated different tissue localization, physiological activities and different patterns of response to environmental stress. The majority of GGTI encoded by the first gene was localized in the rosette leaves, It is also expressed throughout the whole plant.
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