Objective: The objectives of this study were to find the correlation among the intelligence and academic achievement of MBBS students and to see if the correlation differs between boys and girls. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Ameer Ud Din Medical College / PGMI Lahore. Period: 1st January 2019 to 31st January 2019 Material & Methods: A total of 100 second year MBBS students volunteered to participate (46 males and 54 females). Modified Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was used to access the IQ of students. Previous academic records of the students before their admission in medical college and written and oral test marks of second year MBBS students during the year were used for measuring academic achievements of students. The results were analyzed by spearmans correlation, Independent t test and Mann Whitney U test. Results: A statistically significant difference (p = 0.04) between IQ of boys and girls was found with males having mean IQ of 97.4±22.7 as compared to females 89.3±15.5. No significant difference was observed in academic achievements of male and female students. Correlation of IQ with academic achievements was also non-significant. Conclusion: Although males have higher IQ but it has no relationship with academic achievement of medical students. Hard work of the students with average or low IQ could be the reason that there was no difference in the academic achievement when they were compared with the students having higher IQ.
Objectives: This study was conducted to study the effect of Eugenia jambolana extract on the thickness of epithelium in albino rats. Study Design: This experimental study. Setting: Conducted in the animal house, Anatomy Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: July to August 2015. Material and Methods: Total 48 albino rats were taken in this study and were divided into three groups. Histological changes of the buccal mucosa were studied on 3rd, 4th, 10th and 20th day after the induction of gingivitis in both control and experimental group. Results: On day 3, the cellular infiltrate was three times in both experimental groups. The total count of neutrophils was 22.50±2.082, eosinophils was 50.00±1.414 in group 1B. In group 1C, the neutrophils count was 27.50±1.915, eosinophil count was 5.00±0.816. On day 4, in group-2B, no eosinophils were seen. Lymphocytes was 19.75±1.708, neutrophils was 6.50±1.219 and macrophages was 3.25±1.258. In group 2C, lymphocytes and macrophages present, very few neutrophils were also seen. Some fibroblast nuclei were seen. In group 2C, no eosinophils were seen. The lymphocytes count was 9.00±1.155, neutrophil count was 4.00±1.414 and macrophage count was 1.25±0.050. On day 10, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and few neutrophils were seen. In group3B, macrophages with large nucleus 3.25±0.95 lymphocytes 1.25 ±0.500 and few neutrophils 1.00±0.000 were also present. No eosinophils were present. In group 3C, less inflammatory cells (table 4) beneath the epithelium. The subepithelial tissue consisted of more lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.25±0.500.On day 20, very few lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.50±0.577 in experimental group 4B. In group 4C, lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.50±0.577 were present, no evidence of macrophages and eosinophils in group 4B and 4C. Conclusion: This study proved the beneficial effects of Eugenia jambolana on the healing of gingivitis. The contents in Eugenia jambolana have an anti-inflammatory action on soft tissues.
Background. This study was planned determine and compare the levels of ischemia modified albumin in controls and diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Materials and Methods: Diabetic Clinic of Lahore General Hospital was selected the conduction of the study in collaboration with an opthalmologists from September 2014-May 2015. 60 subjects of either sex were chosen and were separated into 3 groups with 20 subjects in each group. Group 1 was of normal healthy controls, group 2 of diabetics without retinopathy and group 3 of diabetics with retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist by an indirect method using a 90D lens on slit lamp examination, and IMA levels were determined by rapid calorimetric method. Results: The median (IQR) of serum levels of IMA in three groups were 0.51(0.43-0.54) in group I, 0.59(0.53-0.61) in group II and 0.63(0.59-0.71) ABSU .A significantly higher IMA levels in diabetics with retinopathy were seen as compared to diabetic without retinopathy and control with a p value of 0.00 respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that serum IMA levels raise as the diabetes progresses in its complications.
Objectives: To observe the effect of aging on monocyte count in COVID-19 infected patients. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Rawal Institute of Health Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad. Period: April 2021 till July 2021. Material & Methods: Adult humans of total 100 in numbers, suffering from corona virus with positive PCR test were selected. They were divided in two groups with 50 patients in group A and 50 patients in group B. Inclusion criteria was COVID-19 infected patients belonging to both genders without any blood disorder. All adults below the age of 18 years with blood disorder diseases were excluded. The age limit in group A was below 50 years and in group B was above 50 years. Monocyte count of all the patients was noted from the record in the laboratory of Rawal institute of health sciences and Pakistan institute of Medical sciences Islamabad. The age of the patients was confirmed from their CNIC. Results: Data was checked for normality by using Shapirowilk test of normality and comparison of monocyte count in between two groups was done by using Mann Whitney U test a significant difference was seen. Monocyte count in group A was 172/ µl and in group B was 122/ µl of blood. The mean age in group A was 32.3 years and in group B was 65.9 years. The p value of 0.00 shows a significant correlation of aging with monocytopenia. Conclusion: Corona virus infected patients with increased age (> 50) years showed more reduction in monocyte count as compared to patients with lower age (< 50) years.
The aim of this cross-sectional comparative study was to determine and compare the serum growth hormone (GH) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the newly diagnosed patients of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with and without diabetes mellitus type2 (DM type 2). Eighty four male subjects where included in this study and divided into three groups. Group 1, healthy controls (n=28), group 2 were patients of pulmonary tuberculosis without DM (n=28) and group three were pulmonary TB patients with newly diagnosed DM type 2 (n=28). Serum GH and fasting blood glucose levels were determined before starting anti-TB treatment in the TB patients and treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.Statistically significant difference was observed between serum GH and FBG levels of the three study groups.There was a significant difference between serum GH and FBG levels of TB patients with and without diabetes mellitus before starting anti-TB treatment. It is concluded that the hyperglycemic effects of GH on glycemic control should be taken into consideration when treating TB diabetic patients.
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