Background. Anxiety is more common during pregnancy than in any other periods. Thus, medical problems such as diabetes can increase the anxiety of pregnant women. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training on anxiety in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Materials and methods. This study was a randomized controlled trial study with a pre-test, post-test and control group. Among 24-28 week pregnant women with diabetes who referred to health centers in Kerman, 88 women were selected. Participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Mindfulness-based training was used for the intervention group over 8 weeks, and situational and trait anxiety was measured through a Spielberg anxiety questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Results. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of situational and trait anxiety before intervention in both the intervention and control groups (p = 0.159, p = 0.21). However, mean situational and trait anxiety decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group after intervention/treatment. There was significant increase over time. The difference between the two groups was also significant during the intervention and post-intervention periods (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusions. Mindfulness-based counseling conducted by a midwife decreased the anxiety of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

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The main indication of cimetidine is being H₂-receptor antagonist, but studies suggest that cimetidine may also act as a non-specific stimulant of cell-mediated immunity and immunomodulator. In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary intake of cimetidine in the common carp (100 ± 10 g), subjects were fed diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg cimetidine kg⁻¹ of dry diet for a period of 6 weeks. TLC and NBT assays were significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated in cimetidine-supplemented groups displaying the highest value in 200 mg kg⁻¹ group. A decrease (P < 0.05) in cortisol and ACH50 value was recorded in fish treated with cimetidine. Serum protein, albumin and serum globulin levels were not significantly changed. The findings of the present investigation suggest that the incorporation of cimetidine in the diet of common carp enhances the non-specific immunity.

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The pharmacokinetic parameters of levamisole were determined in the Caspian salmon after intramuscular (IM), oral by gavage, and oral by feed administrations. Eighty‐one healthy fish in three different groups received levamisole at the dose of 25 mg/fish by each route. Blood samples were collected at time points of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, and 24 hr after administrations. Plasma levamisole concentrations were measured by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and were analyzed using a noncompartmental approach. The mean terminal half‐life was 4.56, 3.95, and 2.91 hr for IM, gavage and feed routes, respectively. The peak plasma concentration for IM, gavage, and feed routes of levamisole were 35.53, 4.63, and 8.36 µg/ml, respectively, at the time of 0.25 for IM, and 1 hr for gavage and feed. The relative bioavailability for gavage and feed routes was 54.80 and 69.30. The similar bioavailability for gavage and feed might be indicative of similar efficacy for these routes of administrations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the absolute oral bioavailability and the effective dose in Caspian salmon.