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Penelitian ini perhitungan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) pada sektor limbah padat domestik. Tujuan perhitungan ini adalah untuk memprediksi proyeksi emisi tanpa tindakan apa pun untuk mengurangi GRK, dan untuk menentukan target dan rencana aksi untuk menurunkan tingkat emisi pada 2010-2020. Perhitungan limbah padat domestik GRK ini didasarkan pada metode yang dikembangkan oleh IPCC pada tahun 2006. Salah satu faktor limbah padat yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan emisi GRK adalah landfill. Provinsi Jawa Tengah terdiri dari 35 kota / wilayah yang memiliki 57 tempat pembuangan sampah dengan kontrol landfill dan tipe open dumping. Komposisi TPA di Jawa Tengah adalah 9 TPA kontrol dan 48 Dumping Terbuka. Jenis limbah manajemen di TPA mendistribusikan perbedaan tingkat emisi. Pada 2010-2020 tingkat emisi yang dihasilkan oleh tipe kontrol TPA adalah 117,99 Gg CO 2 e dan dengan pembuangan terbuka adalah 1948,18 Gg CO 2 e. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa mitigasi kemampuan pemerintah kota / daerah untuk menurunkan tingkat emisi pada pengembangan landfill pada tipe landfill kontrol adalah 9,35%, sehingga untuk mengurangi tingkat emisi melalui limbah padat minimal dari sumber dengan 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) tindakan dan teknologi.

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Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to its low adaptive capacity and a higher dependence on rain-fed agriculture for livelihood. The aim of this paper was to identify the long-term climatic trends and the magnitude of those trends and to analyse drought duration, frequency, and severity in southern and south-eastern Ethiopia based on climatic data (1980-2017). This research is a quantitative research method. The southern and south-eastern of Ethiopia were purposely selected based on a frequent occurrence of drought in the country. Monthly data were obtained from National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Mann-Kendall (MK) Test coupled with Sen’s Slope Estimator was used to analyse the trend of climatic data and its magnitude, and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used to analysis drought characteristics. SPEI of 1-, 3- and 6-month timescales were calculated to understand drought characteristics. The result of the MK test showed that annual rainfall trend had non-significant decrease at all station except at Gode. The trend of annual maximum and minimum temperature is insignificantly increasing. The calculated SPEI revealed drought is more frequent and severe from time to time in the study area. Results showed that the most frequent, severe and prolonged droughts occurred during1999-2017 compared to 1980-1999. Climate change mitigation and proactive drought management approach is highly recommended in order to minimize the risk of drought.

The use of polluted Citarum River water can cause various diseases, including diarrhea, skin diseases, respiratory infections, etc. This study examines the causes of Citarum River pollution in terms of how residents care about environmental conservation aspects of the Citarum River. The researchers used qualitative methods using questionnaires to explore public perceptions. This method explores four perceptions covering four main aspects: public perception, community participation, socio-economic community, and sanitation waste aspects. Questionnaire analysis with a bivariate statistical test approach and Cronbach's alpha test has the advantage of being able to clearly describe the updated condition of the Citarum River because the data can be justified. After all, it has a high level of confidence of around 95 percent. The results showed that in terms of public perception of the Citarum River, 68% were good, while in terms of community participation in preserving the Citarum River, 26% of the people also participated well, and 32% participated moderately in the maintenance of the Citarum River. As many as 42% of the community consisting of 27% less participate and 15% do not participate. The results of the questionnaire Socio-economy of the Citarum River community are classified as having a fairly good economic condition 59% and a moderate category 41%. The waste and sanitation questionnaire results showed that public awareness about waste and sanitation was also high. 45% percent of the community has a good awareness of the environment around the Citarum River, and 38% have sufficient awareness.