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Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Rohmah N, Efendi L, Arifin R, Wardoyo FA, Wilson W, Mukaromah AH, Dewi SS, Darmawati S. 2021. Antifungal activities of the rhizome extract of five member Zingiberaceae against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Biodiversitas 22: 1509-1513. Fungal infections have now become serious health issues. One of the strategies to avoid the problems of fungal infections is by using natural product from plants that are effective against many human pathogenic fungi. The study portrayed the use of the extracts of plant rhizomes as the alternatives to fight against number of human pathogenic fungi. This research aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of crude ethanol extract of five member of the family Zingiberaceae (Curcuma longa, Alpinia galanga Zingiber officinale. var. rubrum, Zingiber officinale var. officinarum and Zingiber officinale var. amarum), which are widely used as folk medicines against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Crude ethanol extracts of five members of Zingiberaceae were evaluated for their antifungal activities and the results were calculated based on the zones of inhibition using the diffusion method. The extract showed antifungal activity against Candida. albicans in the agar well diffusion assay (10.2-27.1 mm inhibition diameter) and against T. rubrum (27.3-44.3 mm inhibition diameter). The data have revealed that all rhizomes have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents, particularly against C. albicans and T. rubrum. Studies on the antifungal activity against yeast-like (C. albicans) and filamentous (T. rubrum) can provide new information about the benefits of members Zingiberaceae as a source of natural antifungal. Researchers can select the type of rhizome that has more potential for further extraction to obtain pure compounds that can be used as antifungals.

Cancer is an effect caused by excessive concentrations of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) metal ions in the body. Including health effects of heavy metal ion poisoning industries arise when humans consume fish from various wastes, dyes, electroplating, paint, and battery. Techniques and processes have been developed to separate heavy metal ions which were very dangerous from water by ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and adsorption. Adsorption has no harmful side effects to health, simple, economical and easy to do. Natural materials can be used as adsorbents including ZSM-5, ZSM-5/TiO2 powder, and membrane. The purpose of this study is to determine the initial, final concentration and the percentage decrease concentration of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions in water by ZSM-5/TiO2 powder and membrane with variations gauze type and irradiation time. The results showed that the highest percentage reduction Cu(II) ion and Cr(VI) ion with 0.25% w/v ZSM-5/TiO2 powder during UV irradiation 75 minutes were 74.99% and 16.99%. The highest percentage reduction in Cu (II) and Cr (VI) concentration after passing through the ZSM-5/TiO2 membrane with gauze support 304-400 during 90 minute UV irradiation were 57.72% and 54.65%. As the conclusion ability of ZSM-5/TiO2 powder is greater than the ZSM-5/TiO2 membrane in reducing the concentration of Cu(II) and Cr(VI).

Traditional powder herbs is a heritage from Indonesia used for medication. Requirements of traditional powder herbs are secure, useful and to keep quality so that it doesn't contain microbial. This study aim is to know the total of microbial on a packaging and without packaging herbs production of Banjarmasin. This type of research is Observational Analytical research with a research draft using the Cross Sectional approach method. Samples in this study are packaging and without packaging herbs production of Banjarmasin. Counting total of microbial uses Total Plate Count method. The average total microbial of packing herb sample is 58.90%, while the average total microbial of packaging herb sample is 65.20%. Data were analyzed using the Mann Withney test and the result is 0,462 with p-value<0,05 so there is no significant correlation between packaging herb total microbial.