In order to explore the extractives of conifers an effective and environmentally friendly method of extraction with aqueous-alkaline solution allowing to isolate up to 10.4% of extractive substances (ES) from pine wood greenery and up to 6.9% from larch wood greenery was investigated. The component fractional composition of aqueous-alkaline extracts was studied. The antioxidant fraction activity of neutral and acidic components isolated from the produced extracts was evaluated. It was found that these fractions have a high antioxidant activity, where the activity of larch extract components was higher than that of the respective components of pine extract. Due to their rich chemical composition and high biological activity, extracts of pine and larch wood greenery produced by aqueous-alkaline extraction have good application prospects as biologically active preparations.

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Настоящее исследование связано с разработкой высокоэффективных способов переработки возобновляемого растительного сырья для выделения экстрактивных веществ. Разнообразие биологически активных компонентов древесной зелени хвойных пород определяет широкие возможности ее применения. Целью представленной работы является изучение влияния технологических параметров эмульсионной экстракции древесной зелени сосны и лиственницы на выход экстрактивных веществ в роторно-пульсационном аппарате и аппарате гравитационного типа. Используемый метод эмульсионной экстракции, разработанный в Институте химии Коми НЦ Уро РАН отличается экологической безопасностью и позволяет извлекать из растительного сырья биологически активные соединения без использования органических растворителей. В данном исследовании варьировали такие параметры, как гидромодуль – отношение объема щелочного раствора к массе сырья, концентрация щелочи и время экстракции. Все эти параметры влияют на физико-химические характеристики эмульсионной смеси и, как следствие, на степень извлечения сырья. Установлено, что проведение эмульсионной экстракции низкомолекулярных соединений из ДЗ сосны на аппарате гравитационного типа обеспечивает получение 165 л экстракта с выходом ЭВ 7,67±0,12% от массы сухого сырья из ДЗ сосны и 6,44±0,2% из ДЗ лиственницы в оптимальных условиях: гидромодуль 10:1, концентрация NaOH 4%, продолжительность экстракции 4 ч. Использование роторно-пульсационного аппарата позволяет проводить переработку сырья в небольших объемах (3 л) за 15–20 мин обработки при Г/М 12:1-14:1 с выходом экстрактивных веществ из ДЗ сосны 6,65±0.05% и 4,15±0,16% из ДЗ лиственницы. This study is related to the development of highly efficient methods for processing renewable plant materials to isolate extractives. The variety of biologically active components of wood greenery of coniferous trees determines the wide possibilities of its application. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of technological parameters of emulsion extraction of wood greenery of pine and larch on the yield of extractives in a rotary pulsation apparatus and a gravitational type apparatus. The emulsion extraction method used, developed at the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is environmentally friendly and allows the extraction of biologically active compounds from plant materials without the use of organic solvents. In this study, parameters such as hydromodule – ratio of the volume of water-alkaline solution to the mass of raw materials, alkali concentration and extraction time were varied. All these parameters affect the physicochemical characteristics of the emulsion mixture and, as a result, the degree of extraction of raw materials. It has been established that the emulsion extraction of low molecular weight compounds on a gravity-type apparatus ensures the production of 165 liters of extract with a yield of extractives of 7.67 ± 0.12% by weight of dry raw materials from wood greenery of pine and 6.44 ± 0.2% from wood greenery of larch at optimal conditions: hydromodule 10:1, NaOH concentration 4%, extraction time 4 hours. The use of a rotary pulsation apparatus makes it possible to process raw materials in small volumes (3 liters) in 15–20 minutes of processing at a hydromodule of 12:1-14:1 with a yield of extractives from wood greenery of pine of 6.65. ±0.05% and 4.15±0.16% from wood greenery of larch.

Development of natural biological products – an actual problem of rational and economical use of wood bioresources with which Russia is rich. The coniferous raw material is a source of biologically active extractive compounds possessing immunostimulating, fungicidal, bactericidal activity. Company «Ecovit» makes food and cosmetic production from Pinus Silvestris L., Abies sibirica and Pinus sibirica R. Maur wood greenery. This paper presents results of research of a chemical composition of the by-products formed in coniferous essential oils processing: residue after distillation and florentine water. The extraction of these products is carried out by petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl-acetate consistently and quantitative maintenance of extractive compounds is certain. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of macro- and micro-elements in investigated samples is lead. Chemical structure of extractive compounds is characterized with use of physicochemical meth-ods.  In residue after distillation of Abies and Pinus wood greenery carotenoids, natural phenolic com-pounds, carboxylic acids are identified. Ethanol extracts of the fulfilled pine and cedar raw material contain sesqui- and diterpenes, polyprenols, carotenoids, fat acids and phenolic compounds. In Abies ethanol extracts maltol and triterpenoids are identified. The basic components of pine florentine water are monoterpenoids. The received results cause practical application of by-products of coniferous raw material processing for obtaining of biologically active additives, preparations for agriculture, pharmacology, perfumer-cosmetic production.