Results of numerous studies in the national psychology demonstrate the decisive role of personality traits of the participants of collaborative thinking activity. Such studies had established the fact of the determining influence of personality traits of the participants on the collaborative thinking activity. In our study, we examined the personality traits of preschoolers as participants of collaborative thinking activity. The study allowed us to compose personality profiles of preschoolers on the basis of psychological typology of C. Jung, and also to study the personality traits of preschoolers, which can cause difficulties in communication (aggression, conflict, negativism, asociality, isolation).
Введение. На основе целей и задач обновления содержания и методов современного образования обосновывается актуальность раскрытия потенциала цифровой среды для реализации личностно ориентированного обучения, поиска эффективных приемов педагогического сопровождения индивидуализированной самостоятельной работы обучающегося в новых информационных условиях. Материалы и методы. Предложена и методологически обоснована реализация задачного подхода к организации самостоятельной работы обучающихся в цифровой среде. В качестве обязательного условия рассматривается «культуросообразность» этого подхода, т. е. соответствие уровню современной информационной культуры и востребованных обществом образовательных результатов. Определены ключевые черты учебной задачи в цифровом пространстве в плане целеполагания, оперирования содержанием, освоения цифровых инструментов, взаимодействия с другими субъектами, учета индивидуальных потребностей и запросов обучающихся, проявляющихся в их информационном поведении. Введено и раскрыто понятие «цифровая микросреда учебной задачи», воплощающее специфику постановки учебных задач и формирования ситуаций их решения в цифровом образовательном пространстве. Результаты и обсуждение. Приведены и проанализированы результаты опросов студентов и преподавателей университета, позволившие выявить реальные черты педагогической деятельности в цифровом образовательном пространстве и соотнести их с отношением студентов к использованию различных приемов взаимодействия с ресурсами и субъектами цифровой образовательной среды. Данные подтвердили, что большая часть преподавателей не в полной мере реализует потенциал цифровой образовательной среды в контексте приоритетов современного образования и в недостаточной степени ориентируется на информационные и коммуникационные запросы студентов. Заключение. Учебная задача рассматривается как единица, в соответствии с которой в цифровой среде организуется самостоятельная учебно-познавательная деятельность. Проектирование цифровых микросред решения учебных задач позволяет в широком диапазоне реализовать возможности организации продуктивной личностно ориентированной самостоятельной работы обучающихся. Характер учебной деятельности в цифровой микросреде зависит как от педагогической методологии, так и от образовательной позиции и особенностей информационного поведения обучающегося.Introduction. Taking into account the updating goals and methods of modern education, the relevance of revealing the potential of the digital environment for the implementation of personality-oriented learning is justified. The search for effective methods of pedagogical support of an individualized student’s work in new information conditions is substantiated. Material and methods. The implementation of the objective approach to the organization of students’ independent work in a digital environment is proposed and methodologically justified. As a prerequisite is considered the “culturecongruent” of this approach, i.e. compliance with the level of modern information culture and the educational results demanded by society. The key features of the learning task in the digital space are identified in terms of goal setting, content management, the development of digital tools, interaction with other subjects, taking into account the individual student’s needs and requests, manifested in their information behavior. The concept of “digital microenvironment of the learning task” is introduced and disclosed, embodying the specifics of setting educational tasks and creating situations for their solution in the digital education space. Results and discussion. The results of surveys of university students and teachers are presented and analyzed, which made it possible to identify the real features of pedagogical activity in the digital education space and correlate them with the students’ attitude to the use of various methods of interaction with resources and persons in the digital educational environment. The data confirmed that the majority of teachers do not fully realize the potential of the digital educational environment in the context of modern education priorities and are not sufficiently oriented to students’ information and communication requests. Conclusion. The learning task is considered as a unit, according to which an independent learning and cognitive activity is organized in the digital environment. The design of the “learning tasks of digital microenvironments” provides a wide range of opportunities for organizing a productive, personality-oriented independent student work. The nature of the educational activity in the “digital microenvironment” depends both on the pedagogical methodology and on the educational position and characteristics of the student’s informational behavior.
This article analyzes theoretical and empirical works of personality psychology
We focus on the description of the time category and its interpretation in modern science. We present an overview of lexicographical sources and scientific papers on the definition of category and its analysis. Our purpose is to establish the specifics of artistic time as a text category based on the analysis of the time category and its typology. We give the basic definitions of time represented in different sciences: physics, philosophy, natural science and linguistics. We deter-mine that time and space categories are interrelated and text-forming. We pay special attention to the description of artistic time. The research is based on the works of D.S. Likhachev, Z.Y. Turaeva, I.Y. Chernukhina and others. We provide the main indicators of time category in the ar-tistic text: system of verb forms, lexical units with the meaning of time, syntactic constructions. To illustrate the results of observations, we present an interpretation of the artistic time based on materials of poetic texts of Kazakh writers and poets (T. Aybergenov, I. Isemberlin, A. Alimzhanov). We use the following techniques and methods: descriptive, comparative, observation, method of continuous sampling, linguistic and stylistic; conclusions are drawn.
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