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The study involved the selection of two isolates from Bacillus subtilis to investigate their inhibitory activity against some bacterial pathogens. B sub-bacteria were found to have a broad spectrum against test bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were about 23-30 mm and less against Klebsiella sp. The sensitivity of some antibodies was tested on the test samples. The results showed that the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth in the test samples using B. subtilis extract was more effective than the antibiotics used.

Background: Salmonellosis is enteric disease caused by Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). Humans are infected with it and it is transmitted through contaminated foods.Objective: The aim of the current study is to compare between two Interleukins (IL-1 and IL-2) levels in patients serum infected with S.typhi. Patients and methods: A case control was conducted in our university hospital. The study included 60 patients with Salmonellosis and 30 healthy individuals as controls. ELISA technique was used to determine the concentrations of IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of all individuals with acute and chronic typhoid based on a positive blood culture and IgM/IgG test. Results: A total of 33 patients with acute infection and 27 with chronic infection have been diagnosed. IL-1 and IL-2 in acute and chronic infections were higher than in the control group (P values <0.0001 and <0.032, respectively). Conclusions: Humans with Salmonellosis have higher serum levels of IL-1 and IL-2 depending on the severity and duration of the illness and may be used as a diagnosis marker.

Background: The coronavirus disease "COVID-19" was reported in 2019 as an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and categorized as a pandemic disease in 2020 with severe complications. Objective: This study aimed to test the effects of COVID-19 infection on blood parameters and to assess these effects with disease progress. Patients and Methods: 120 patients with COVID-19 in Al-Amal Specialized Hospital for Communicable Diseases in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province with 30 healthy (control) individuals of both genders were included in this study. Blood parameters (complete blood count, PLT and ferritin) were measured for 3 weeks from the 1 st day of hospitalization. Results:The study revealed significant differences in the hematological parameters for COVID-19 patients in comparison with the control group and these variations increased with the progress and severity of the disease. No significant variations were noticed in Hb and HCT of patients compared to control, but these parameters decreased with disease progression. Conclusion: A comparison of COVID-19 patients with healthy individuals revealed significant differences in hematological parameters, which became more pronounced with the progression and severity of the disease.