This paper aims to derive an optimal monetary policy rule in a context of fiscal disequilibrium and to empirically test whether Brazil presents active or passive fiscal and monetary policies. We analyze the transmission channels of the fiscal and monetary policies through estimation of a Philips curve and the fiscal IS curve. The results indicate that the fiscal deficit is statistically significant and affects the inflation rate indirectly via output gap. The empirical findings using the Leeper model indicate that the monetary policy is passive whereas the fiscal policy is active. In this context, we found empirical evidence that the Brazilian economy shows a fiscal dominance regime for the period 1995: I to 2006: II.
This paper assesses cost efficiencies of Brazilian public and private companies of water supply. To measure the efficiency, we used a stochastic frontier model derived from the translog family -a specification similar to a Cobb-Douglas including a quadratic term in log output. The model parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood using Brazilian data for the year 2002. Statistical inference leads to the conclusion that there is no evidence that private firms and public firms are significantly different in terms of efficiency measurements.
RESUMOEssa pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar o panorama dos dispêndios em P&D no Brasil e, mais especificamente, avaliar o impacto desses gastos nos pedidos de patentes nacionais, além do impacto no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do País. As séries analisadas mostram a evolução agregada dos dispêndios em P&D para o período analisado. Quando desagregado por grande região, os dados mostram que o Sudeste e o Sul se destacam no pedido e na concessão de patentes pelo Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual (INPI 1 ). Os resultados das estimações dos sete modelos econométricos propostos confirmam a importância dos dispêndios públicos e privados no crescimento do PIB e no aumento da quantidade de patentes depositadas no INPI. Outro resultado das estimações este trabalho demostram que esses dispêndios apresentam comportamento Random-Walk (passeio aleatório 2 ).
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