Background and Aim: Brown adipose tissue's (BAT) ability to increase energy expenditure has become a new focus in obesity research. The amount and activity of BAT are inversely correlated with body-mass index and body fat percentage. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) plays a role in the differentiation and development of BAT, which can be increased by bioactive compounds from several medicinal plants. Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves are rich with vitamin, minerals, and bioactive compounds and have been used for treating obesity-related diseases in the past. The aim of this study was to explore the potency of MO leaf extract (MOLE) to modulate BAT differentiation in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four, 5-week-old male Deutsche Denken Yoken mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into four groups: The normal chow diet group was fed a normal diet, the HFD group was fed a HFD, the HFD+MOLE1, and the HFD+MOLE2 groups were fed HFD and MOLE in a dose of 280 and 560 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. The experiment was performed for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, histological analysis was performed on the interscapular BAT, and blood was drawn for BMP7 protein levels. Results: After 7 weeks, BAT weight in the HFD group was nearly twice in the weight of the HFD+MOLE1 group (125±13.78 mg vs. 75±13.78 mg; p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in BAT cell density in the HFD+MOLE1 group. BMP7 serum protein levels were significantly higher in the HFD+MOLE1 group compared to the HFD group. Conclusion: The administration of MOLE in a dose of 280 mg/kg BW/day in HFD-mice induces BAT differentiation and proliferation by upregulating BMP7 protein levels.

Characteristics of obesity as dysfunction of adipose tissue and chronic low-grade inflammation can have impacts to haematological parameters. The Moringa oleifera leaves have been used empirically to treat metabolic and blood-related diseases. However, it is still unknown whether Moringa oleifera leaves can influence haematological parameters in high fat diet. The study aimed to investigate the hematological parameter of high-fat diet mice in parallel with Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MOLE). Forty male DDY mice in 5 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups as follows: The SD group was fed with a standard diet, the HFD group was fed with high fat diet, the HFD+S group was fed with high-fat diet and simvastatin (0,8 mg/20gBW/day). The HFD+MOLE1 and the HFD+MOLE2 groups were fed with high-fat diet and MOLE in a dose of 5,6 mg/20gBW/day and 11,2 mg/20gBW/day, respectively. The experiment was performed for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was drawn for haematology analysis of blood parameters. We found that sub-chronic high fat diet might alter the haematological parameters. Two different doses of MOLE might have potencies to prevent the worsening caused by those alterations, by increased of haemoglobin [12,9(10,4-15,3) vs 13,9(12,9-18,2) and 14(10,2-14,8), p>0,05)], slight decreased of WBC [(3,59±1,974) vs (3,433±1,747) and (3,42±1,014), p>0,05]. Additionally, the MOLE might have an effect to decreasing the granulocyte percentage [18,5(9,2-43,6) vs 11,5(7,6-18,2) and 8,05(3,2-25,1), p>0,05], and slight decreased of MPV [4,2(2,6-6,7) vs 3,6(3,2-4,1) and 3,55(2,6-6,8), p>0,05]. In summary, the study showed that MOLE might have potencies to prevent the worsening of hematological parameters in the sub-chronic high fat diet.

Proses perbanyakan dan penyimpanan bakteri menjadi hal yang harus diperhatikan karena cara penyimpanan sangat terkait dengan perubahan sifat bakteri yang disimpan. Di Laboratorium, kultur bakteri murni dipindahkan dengan metode subkultur. Kekurangan subkultur� berulang adalah memakan waktu, beresiko kontaminasi dan mutasi genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan penyimpanan bakteri jangka panjang yang aplikatif di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi serta menentukan jenis Cryoprotectan Agent yang dapat mempertahankan viabilitas sel Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pneumonie dengan metode Freeze Drying. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan menambahkan Skim Milk 10% dan gliserol 10% sebagai Cryoprotectan Agent pada pelet sel Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pneumonie dengan metode Freeze Drying. Digunakan kontrol tanpa penambahan Cryoprotectan Agent dengan metode Freeze Drying dan kontrol tanpa penambahan Cryoprotectan Agent� yang disimpan dalam refrigator (non Freeze Drying) kemudian jumlah koloni bakteri dihitung setelah masa simpan 2,4,6 minggu.Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh diolah secara statistik menggunakan metode statistik non parametrik kruskal wallis . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Skim Milk 10% mampu mempertahankan viabilitas Sel Escherichia coli dengan persentase penurunan viabilitas paling rendah yaitu 4,2%, namun� jenis Cryoprotectan agent metode Freeze Dry belum mampu mengawetkan dan mempertahankan viabilitas sel Streptococcus pneumonie.Kata Kunci: Cryoprotectan Agent; Cell viability; Escherichia coli;, Streptococcus pneumonie; Freeze ��Drying

MacConkey Agar (MCA) is a selective and differential media that is used to isolate and differentiate easily growing Gram-negative bacteria, especially members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This study aims to obtain MCA modified media. Research has been conducted by inoculating Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi on MCA media as control and modification of MCA from Nutrient Agar added by bile salts, violet crystals as inhibitors of Gram-positive bacteria, lactose addition to distinguish the properties of bacteria that can ferment lactose and bacteria that cannot ferment lactose, using phenol red as an indicator, the test bacteria were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and then counted the number of CFU/mL colonies and their lactose fermentation properties were observed. Research results were calculated by the t-test. T-test results showed that there were no differences in the average number of colonies of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi in the two media. So it can be concluded that the modified MCA media can be used as a substitute for MCA and show the nature of Lactose Fermenter with a color change from orange to bright yellow because the indicator used is phenol red. So it can be concluded that the MCA modification media can be used as a substitute for MCA.

Livestock productivity can be increased by promoting growth using feed supplements such as fish oil containing omega 3, 6 and 9. These ingredients can also be found in Moringa seed oil which is cheaper and easier to find than fish oil. Omega 3 and 6 can increase dietary palatability thereby increasing feed intake which helps increase body weight which is correlated with organ weight. Based on this, a study was conducted that aims to compare the effect of Moringa seed oil and fish oil on organ weight and blood hematological profiles of mice. The study used 24 male mice of the DDY strain which were divided into three groups, namely the control group (Na-CMC-1%), KSO (moringa seed oil), and Omega-3 (fish oil). Mice were checked for temperature, GDP, and body weight at the beginning and end of the experimental period after 6 weeks. After that, the mice were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for hematological examination and the heart, liver, white fat tissue, and kidneys were weighed. The results showed that the average heart weight (0.120 grams) and white fat tissue (0.145 grams) decreased in the KSO group, as did RBC (8.285×106/μl), WBC (2,943×103/μl) and platelets (506 ,5×103/μl), but statistically there was no significant difference in hematological parameters, body temperature, GDP, body weight and liver and kidney weight p(> 0.05). However, there was a difference in heart weight and white fat tissue p(<0.05). In conclusion, Moringa seed oil can affect organ weight and blood hematological profiles like fish oil, but further research is needed to ensure that Moringa seed oil can be used as an alternative to fish oil substitute feed supplements.