Even though there has been a significant advancement in human rights, social justice and social practices around the world; some Ecuadorian indigenous students still struggle against many social and linguistic limitations, especially in Chimborazo province. This research was carried out with 30 Ecuadorian indigenous students who studied English as a compulsory subject for five months. The aim of the study is to explore the general attitudes of indigenous university students about Kichwa, Spanish and English languages in the Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, at the Political and Administrative Science College. It also aims to find out which language demands more of their attention. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected into three-time stages by applying a questionnaire asking for students' attitudes towards Kichwa, Spanish and English. Participants were asked about their language exposure in each of the mentioned languages. Answers were tabulated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The outcomes revealed a substantial difference in the students' attitudes in favor of Spanish language. Students showed a high exposure and attitude percentage towards Spanish language through social interaction with native speakers. Additionally, they listened and read information in Spanish with the most accuracy. The participants have been exposed to Spanish more than 20 years, as well. Conversely, students do not show a significant attitude towards English or Kichwa. Additionally, their social and academic contexts do not demand that the students to speak Kichwa and English, as a priority in students' daily communication.

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The objective of the research is to determine the social and economic factors associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages and their impact on professional training through the fulfillment of academic activities of university students. It uses the deductive method, and has a descriptive level (factorial and discriminant analysis) and explanatory level (regression analysis). The questionnaire was applied as a data collection instrument, which has an index of Cronbach's alpha of 0.745. It is applied to a sample of 98 students from a total population of 9,194 from the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. The results show that the alcohol consumption in university students depends significantly on the age that begins to consume, gender, marital status and frequency of consumption; there are social and economic factors associated with alcohol consumption; a high incidence of alcohol consumption in compliance with academic obligations in the professional training process.From this perspective, after a literature review it is identified that the research conducted on alcohol consumption in university students, addressed: the impact, causes, factors and the relationship with performance, such as those developed by Vargas-Martínez,

Entrepreneurship as an important factor for economic development has also become a field of research to understand the causes, effects, successes, failures, characteristics, financing, and other aspects of entrepreneurship. One of the important aspects that studies on entrepreneurship must consider is a gender approach, from that perspective, the research aims to identify trends in research on female entrepreneurship in rural areas based on an analysis of bibliometric studies conducted in this field. A deductive, bibliographic, descriptive, and correlational method was used, and bibliometrics was used as an instrument. The data used were retrieved from three databases: Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, to identify types, scope and trends of research and provide researchers with a scientific basis on the current situation. A total of 44 papers were considered as population and after using the PRISMA method and excluding studies not related to the research objective and duplicates with the Scopus database, a total of 30 articles were analyzed which constitute the total sample. VOSviewer and SPSS were used for the analysis. The search for documents in the three databases covered the period from 1960 to 2023. The results show, therefore, that bibliometric research on entrepreneurship has not yet addressed other topics beyond a generalization of female entrepreneurship, such as studies on entrepreneurship considering gender, rural geographic spaces, ICT, training, financing, effects, causes, successes, and failures. This allows us to detect that there is an ample scope for developing research not only at the case level, but also at the country level, because for example, in the case of Ecuador we were unable to identify bibliometric studies that analyses these different aspects with a gender focus and spatial intervention of the rural sphere on women's entrepreneurship. On the other hand, research is focused on showing results of female entrepreneurship in urban areas and very little or almost nothing in rural areas, mainly in Latin American countries. It is also observed that they have a recent trend, which would contribute to obtaining indicators and planning future research, as well as contributing to the definition of policies and knowing the discipline state and its progress.   Received: 25 March 2023 / Accepted: 20 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023