South East Asia is one of the world's largest tobacco epidemic regions which tobacco smoking is known increase the risk of various diseases, including cancer. As data from GLOBOCAN 2018 has had released on September 2018, the aim of this study are to calculate the estimated burden of several types of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2018 and compare it with established result data in 2012. So it can be highlight what has been achieved and what it needs to be addressed by member countries of ASEAN to strengthen cancer prevention against tobacco smoking. This study was using descriptive epidemiological incidence and prevalence-based research design to estimate the burden of 14 types of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in member countries of ASEAN, in term of incidence and mortality. The cancer incidence and mortality data gained from GLOBOCAN 2018. According to the estimation, tobacco smoking was responsible for 121,849 new cancer cases in 2018 (106,858 male and 14,991 female cases) in ASEAN 2018. Our findings are mostly lower than previous study in 2012, both for cancer incidence and mortality in male and female. It seems more ASEAN member states are adopting effective policies in the MPOWER suite of interventions such as raising taxes on tobacco, establishing smoke-free areas and implementing graphic health warnings in decreasing number of tobacco smoking. Therefore, ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to strengthen the existing tobacco control measure in order to effectively gain a significant decline of tobacco smoking related cancer in the future.
The use of drugs among the community is useful for providing self-improvement. Communities independently are accustomed to using drugs in everyday life. The lack of access to health in rural areas and the provision of wrong information can have risks and harmful effects for oneself. Need knowledge regarding how to use drugs that are good and right. The DAGUSIBU program is an alternative that can be given to provide education and information for the community. The purpose of this counseling is to provide education and information related to the use of sage medicine with the DAGUSIBU principle. Counseling was carried out in Labuan Bajo Village, North Buton Regency. The material was delivered directly by the pharmacist using interactive lecture and discussion methods, followed by the people of Labuan Bajo Village. The material presented is related to how to get the right and proper medicine, how to use the medicine, how to store the medicine and how to dispose/destroy the medicine. The result of this activity is that the community has received proper information about the use of drugs where previously knowledge about drug use was still lacking. In the future, with the information and knowledge that you already have, you can create a society that is aware of drugs and minimizes the use of wrong drugs in the community.
There is a widely known that smoking economic burden has a significant impact on country health expenditure as well as society. This study aimed to estimate the mortality of major cancers associated to tobacco smoking in Indonesia and cost of productivity lost due to mortality in 2018. This study employed prevalence based epidemiological study design. Death rate of major cancers due to tobacco smoking among adults by gender was obtained from Globocan 2018 database. Smoker prevalence was obtained from the Basic Health Research 2018. Life expectancy of Indonesian was taken from the WHO Life Tables, while the average income of Indonesian population was retrieved from National Statistics Bureau. The expected years to life and average wages among active working population were used to estimate cost of productive lost due to smoking. The data analysis was conducted by Excel software. The largest of the smoking attributable fraction (SAF) was lung cancer, as amount as 99.82% and 96.93% in men and women respectively. The highest number of deaths caused by smoking on men was lung cancer (16,541 deaths), while in women was lung cancer (4,572 deaths). The total mortality of cancers associated to tobacco was 43,913 deaths in men, compared to 30,729 deaths in women. Total cost of productivity lost of cancer caused by smoking was 4,287,141 million IDR, with lung cancers costs in the first rank. Cancer burden caused by smoking were significantly impact on health and economy of the Indonesian government and community. These evidences can be useful in drawing up the strategy of intervention on prevention and control of tobacco use.
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