Educational researchers have become interested in the study of teaching and feedback processes as important factors for learning and realizing achievements in the teaching–learning context at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The main objective of this research was to assess the effect of five variables of the teacher’s didactic performance (two from teaching and three from feedback) on students’ variable of evaluation and application, mediated by their performances in participation, pertinent practice, and improvement. Participants were 309 Peruvian masters and doctoral students of an in-person postgraduate course in educational sciences who, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, were attending classes and submitting assignments and exercises online. The students were asked to fill two online questionnaires in Google Forms format regarding didactic performance; the first questionnaire comprehended five dimensions of teacher performance: explicitness of criteria, illustration, supervision of learning activities, feedback, and evaluation, whereas the second one encompassed four dimensions of student performance: illustration–participation, pertinent practice (adjustment to supervision of practices), feedback–improvement, and evaluation–application. When tested, two structural regression models showed (with good goodness-of-fit values) that the evaluation–application student performance factor was significantly and similarly predicted by the illustration–participation and feedback–improvement student performance variables, and, to a lesser extent, yet significantly, by the pertinent practice student performance. Moreover, teacher performances had a significant effect with high regression coefficients on the three student performance variables included as mediators, both when the five teacher performance variables were included as predictor variables, and when arranged into two second-order factors (teaching and feedback).
Introduction Research on the effects of COVID-19 has shown that a favorable attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine would help reduce the pandemic's sequelae and avoid lethal variants. Objective A theoretical model was tested through the strategy of path analysis and structural equation modeling, seeking to evaluate the direct effect of neuroticism and the indirect effects of risk-avoidance and rule-following behaviors, mediated by attitudes toward science. Methods A total of 459 adults, mostly women (61%), mean age 28.51 ( SD = 10.36), living in Lima (Peru), participated. The scales of neuroticism, risk avoidance behavior (RAB), norm following (NF), attitudes toward science, and attitudes toward vaccination were administered. Results The path analysis explained 36% of the variance in vaccine attitude, whereas the latent structural regression model achieved a 54% explanation; according to this model attitude toward science ( β=.70, p < .01) and neuroticism ( β=-.16, p < .01) are significant predictors of vaccine attitude. Likewise, risk avoidance behavior and rule-following have indirect effects on attitudes toward vaccination. Conclusion Low neuroticism and a positive attitude toward the science that mediates the effects of RAB and NF directly condition the possibility of vaccination against COVID-19 in the adult population.
Objetivo: Se evaluó los efectos de un programa de prevención en línea sobre las adicciones tecnológicas y disposiciones cognitiva-afectivas en universitarios durante la pandemia COVID-19. Método: Participaron en la muestra 42 estudiantes, de los cuales 21 conformaron el grupo experimental (GE) y los otros 21 estudiantes el control (GC). Se utilizaron las escalas de eficacia académica y engagement académico, así como los test de adicción al teléfono móvil, al internet y a los videojuegos. Resultados: La aplicación del programa redujo significativamente la adicción al internet, teléfono móvil y videojuegos y a la vez aumentó significativamente la valoración positiva del compromiso académico y la eficacia académica; las comparaciones entre los grupos de estudio (GE versus GC) de acuerdo con los tamaños de efecto (.30 < d >.50) evidenciaron diferencias prácticas importantes en cuanto al uso adictivo de internet, del teléfono móvil y los videojuegos, para las tres variables el GE mostró menores promedios que el GC; de otra parte las comparaciones entre GE y GC resultaron con diferencias de magnitudes de efecto entre mediano (d >.50) y grande (d >.80) en eficacia académica y compromiso académico respectivamente, en estas dos variables el GE mostró mayores promedios. Conclusión: el programa de prevención ha reducido las adicciones tecnológicas, así como incrementó las disposiciones cognitiva-afectivas en el estudiantado.
Objetivo Determinar en internos de ciencias de la salud si el autocuidado es un factor cuyo efecto directo sobre bienestar mental es mediado por las actitudes y facilidades durante el internado, en la segunda ola de pandemia COVID-19. Método Investigación transversal, correlacional multivariante, participaron 174 internos en actividad asistencial durante pandemia COVID-19, seleccionados con muestreo por conveniencia; se aplicaron tres escalas tipo autoinforme. Resultados Entre los internos de ciencias de la salud ser mujer, tener familiar en casa contagiado de COVID-19 y presentar una percepcion del estado de salud general desfavorable son factores de riesgo que probabilizan estado negativo de bienestar mental (1,9> OR <3,9); en tanto que autocuidado junto a las actitudes y facilidades durante el internado se constituyen en factores de protectores para contrarrestar la existencia de estado negativo de bienestar mental (OR <1, p<0,05). El modelo de regresión estructural evidencia que las variables autocuidado como las actitudes adoptadas y facilidades experimentados por los estudiantes en el internado tienen efectos directos en el bienestar mental; asimismo las actitudes y facilidades cumplen un rol de mediador entre autocuidado y bienestar mental (CFI =0,96, TLI =0,95, RMSEA y SRMR <0,08), el modelo en conjunto explica en 50,7% la variabilidad de bienestar mental. Conclusión El autocuidado es un factor cuyo efecto directo sobre bienestar mental es mediado por las actitudes y facilidades en el internado durante la segunda ola de la pandemia COVID-19 en el año 2021.
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